909. David Hare (1775-1842), 910. Helena dutta

David Hare (1775–1842) was a Scottish watchmaker and philanthropist in Bengal. He founded many important and prestigious educational institutions in Kolkata, such as the Hindu School, and Hare School and helped in founding Presidency College.

Early life

David Hare was born in Scotland in 1775. He came to India in 1800 to make a fortune as a watch maker. However, while he prospered in his business his mind was distracted by the deplorable conditions of the native population and unlike most of the other people who returned to their native land after gathering a fortune to live a life in peace and prosperity, he decided to stay back in the country and devote himself entirely to the cause of its uplift. However, he was no missionary, seeking to convert others to his religion. He lived his own life and allowed others to live their own, only helping to improve their condition.

Contribution

Hare felt that the need of the country was English education. He used to discuss the topic with many of his customers, who came to buy watches in his shop. Raja Rammohun Roy went to Kolkata in 1814 and within a short time, they became friends. In 1816, he went on his own and attended a session of the Raja’s Atmiya Sabha. Both of them discussed at length the proposal to establish an English school at Kolkata. Babu Buddi Nath Mukherjee - another member of Atmiya Sabha - later discussed the matter with Sir Hyde East, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. That led to the foundation of Hindu College, later renamed Presidency College, Kolkata, on 20 January 1817.

Thereafter, David Hare was instrumental in establishing the School Book Society on May 6, 1817. It took the initiative to print and publish text books in both English and Bengali. This society contributed substantially to the flowering of the Bengal Renaissance.

On 1 September 1818, he established the Calcutta School Society. He and Radhakanta Deb were secretaries of the society. He worked tirelessly to establish some schools to teach in English and Bengali, according to new methods of teaching, at such places as Thanthania, Kalitala and Arpuly. Everyday, he visited the schools and Hindu College and met almost every student. So great was his attachment and commitment to these students that it acted as a great inspiration of many of them. Some of the greatest names in subsequent years were all his students. It was much later that Alexander Duff or Henry Louis Vivian Derozio came on the scene and influenced the course of events.

Additionally, David Hare was a subscriber to the Ladies' Society for Native Female Education (formed in 1824), and would be present in the periodical examinations held by the society.

Later life

In later life, he did not find time to devote to his watch business and so he sold it to a friend named Grey and spent some of the money to buy a small house for himself and the rest for the development of the schools. After a long life of activity he fell ill. He was attacked by cholera. One of his students, Dr. Prasanna Kumar Mitra, tried his best but all efforts failed and David Hare died on 1 June 1842. As news spread around the city, a pall of gloom spread over the city. The Christian missionaries refused to allot him land in their cemeteries, as they thought that he was a non-believer. He was buried in what was then the compound of Hare School-Presidency College that he had donated. The tomb, marked with a bust statue, currently falls within the College Square (recently renamed Vidyasagar Udyan) swimming pool, opposite to Hare School.

According to Sivanath Sastri, “As his body was brought out of Mr. Gray’s house, thousands of people, some in vehicles, others on foot, followed it. The scene that was witnessed by Kolkata on that day will not be witnessed again. Right from Bowbazar crossing to Madhab Dutta’s bazaar, the entire road was flooded with people.”

The road where he lived, is called Hare Street, just off Binoy-Badal-Dinesh Bagh (earlier Dalhousie Square). A life-size statue (pictured) was built with public donations and placed in the compound of Hare School.

Helena Dutta was born in Dhaka. She became a member of Dipali Sangha founded by Lila Nag. She took lesson in Sword and Stick fight. She joined in "Sreesangha", a revolutionary organisation in 1930. When she and her friends were in Boarding , They used to keep secretly revolvers and other unlawful materials in 1931. She participated in Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932 and she was driven away at the order of D.P.I.She brought revolvers from Calcutta to Dhaka in Jan. 1933 but as this was risky she took it to her maternal Uncle's house at Berhanagar. She was arrested on 12 February. She was kept as State Prisoner in Lalbazar for 28 days and then kept confined for 5 years. In Dec1937 she was released. In Quit India movement she went underground but was arrested and kept inPresidency jail.She was released in 1945. She then joined in PSP.She married revolutionary Sukumar dutta.

                                                  THE  END

907. Hemendra Kishore Acharya Choudhury (1881-1938), 908. Hemendra Prasad Ghosh (1876-1962)

Hemendra Kishore was born in Muktagacha, Mymensingh. e was a revolutionary in Revolutionary Period. He was initiated by Aurobindo Ghosh. "Sadhana Samaj" founded in Mymensingh took pioneer role in Anti-Partition of Bengal movement. His party was doing work in connection with Yugantar of Kolkata in 1908. The house of the zaminder  of Muktagacha was safest shelter of the revolutionaries. He was in charge of the armed struggle planned to be held with arms brought from Germany during WWII. He was arrested at the last moment and was kept interned in 1916 in Khulna. He was prisoned for many years. He suffered from Bromchites while in jail..




Hemendra Prasad Ghosh was born in Chougacha, Barisal.He was a famous journalist and a litterateur. He conducted Bandemataram Patrika along with Aurobindo Ghosh, Shyamsundar Chakraborty and Bipin Chandra Paul He was a member of London Instiute of Journalists. He went to Middle East and England to get 1st hand information of WWI> He was a Professor of  in he Dept. of journalism of Calcutta university. His important works are "The news Paper in India", " Congress o Bangali"

904. Hemaprava Majumdar (1888-1962), 905.Hemu Kalani, 906. Hemen Roy

Hemaprova majumdar  was born in Noakhali. Her husband, Basanta Kumar Majumdar   was an organiser of Yugantar and sincere worker of Congrass. She joined  Congress in 1921. Police had beaten Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das mercilessly kept him in Alipore jail which created a rumour that Deshabandhu died for beating him.She appeared in front of the Jail gate and forced the jail authorities to allow her to see him. She became leader "nariMandir" founded by Urmila Devi and held an unlawful meeting in College square. For which she was beaten by police S urgent and a finger was broken. She looked after the strikers of Steamer bound to Chandpur and Goalanda. The strike was successful.She formed a volunteer organisation  with female volunteers. She was jailed for one year in 1930 for participating Civil Disobedience movement. She was elected in Legislative assembly in female constituency. in 1937. When Congress was divided in 1939 she joined inthe faction headed by Subhas Chandra Bose i.e. she joined in Forward Bloc founded by Subhas Chandra Bose. Afte escape by Netaji in 1941 she took responsibilty in more dutiboud work. She was elected as Alder -Person in corporation in 1944. She lived in East Pakistan after partition. Her son sdied by police fireing in Dhaka Talbazar Case.Sushil Majumdar, a film director was one of her Son.


Hemu Kalani was a student leader. She was hanged for participating in the popular uprise in 1942.


Hemen Roy was an inhabitant of Birpur bazar village of Mazaforpur.He die in his own village by police bullet during Quit India movement.  

902. Hemanta Kumar Bose (1895-1971), 903. Hemanta Kumar Sarkar

Hemanta Kumar Bose was born in Calcutta. He  was a tireless freedom fighter, an extreme popular, an uncompromising  leader who had no enemy. .He became a member of Anushilan Samity in 1906. When this Samity was declared illegal he started doing revolutionary work secretly.He took active part in the revolutionary work started by Biplabi Rashbihari Bose and Bagha Jatin in 1914. He got friendship with Subhas Chandra Bose in this year. He left his study in College and participated in Non-Cooperation movement in 1921 and was arrested. He was again arrested in joining Salt satyagraha in Mahisnathan in 1930 and in Civil Disobedience in 1931. After release he presided over the Provincial Conference and jailed for six months. He was jailed for ovserving Independence Day in 1934. He had a difference of opinion with Congress in 1938 and supported  Subhas Chandra Bose. He became General Secretary of Bengal Provincial Committee of Forward Bloc in 1939. This year he conducted the Holwell Monument Removal movementand courted arrest. He had to take leadership of Forward Bloc when Subhas Chandra Bose escaped secretly from India.d. . He left Congress in 1948.
He was elected as a member of Legislative Assembly in joint Bengal in 1946. He was elected in all the elections as a candidate of FB. He became PWD minister in UF ministry in 1967. He courted arrest in different movements, such as, Goa Liberation movement, anti-raise of tram fare, Food movement etc. He was stabbed to death in his own constituency by some miscreants.

Hemanta Kumar Sarkar হেমন্ত কুমার সরকার
Hemanta Kumar Sarkar as the Home Minister of Dewas State in 1927.
Born	1897 Baganchra, Nadia, Bengal, British India
Died	1952 Krishnanagar, West Bengal, India
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Bengali
Occupation	Peasant leader
Parents	Madan Mohan Sarkar Kadambari Devi

Hemanta Kumar Sarkar (Bengali: হেমন্তকুমার সরকার) (1897–1952) was an Indian philologist, author, biographer, editor, publisher, union leader, leader of the Indian freedom movement and an associate of Subhas Chandra Bose. He was a close friend and the first biographer of Subhas Chandra Bose, the co-founder of Labour Swaraj Party in Bengal along with Muzaffar Ahmed and Kazi Nazrul Islam and led the movement for the Partition of Bengal and formation of Bengali Hindu homeland in 1947.

Early life

Sarkar was born in 1897 in the village of Baganchra near Shantipur in the district of Nadia, the fifth of six sons to Madan Mohan Sarkar and Kadambari Devi His father was the owner of a banking business started by his great grandfather and his mother was the granddaughter of Raghunandan Mitra, the diwan of the Nadia Raj. In his childhood, Sarkar attended the Krishnagar Collegiate School. In 1912, Sarkar came under the influence of Benimadhab Das who had arrived as the new headmaster of the school fromRavenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack. Das introduced him to his former pupil Subhas Chandra Bose, which culminated in a lifelong friendship between Sarkar and Bose. In May 1913, Bose came to Krishnanagar and stayed with Sarkar during the summer recess. In 1914, Sarkar and Bose ran away from home in search of a spiritual guru and travelled to Ayodhya, Haridwar, Mathura,Vrindavan and Varanasi. At Vrindavan, Baba Ramakrishnadas advised them to give up looking for a guru because they were argumentative and spiritual life was not suitable for them. They returned home after three months. Inspired by the worker's education programmes in Manchester and Birmingham, he along with Sailen Ghosh started the Krishnanagar Workmen's Institute, a night school that offered free education to the working-class people. In 1917, Sarkar earned his BA with First Class Honours in Sanskrit from the Krishnanagar College. He was awarded the Mohini Mohan Roy Prize for standing first among all the BA and BSc students in his college. After his graduation, Sarkar took admission in the University of Calcutta in a masters programme in Comparative Philology. In 1919, he stood first in the MA in Comparative Philology and received the university gold medal.

Career

In 1919, Sarkar was appointed lecturer in Comparative Philology at the University of Calcutta by Ashutosh Mukherjee, then President of the Graduate Council of the university. He taught Vedic Sanskrit, Modern Bengali Poetry and Philology of the Indian Vernaculars. In 1920, his thesis titled, "The Intellectual Laws of Language" was accepted by the Premchand Roychand Scholarship. In the same year, he was also awarded a Government of India Scholarship to study in England for three years. Subhas Chandra Bose, who had already arrived in England a few months back, started making arrangements for Sarkar's admission and lodging at his own college, Fitzwilliam Hall in the University of Cambridge, so that they could be together once again.

At the call of Chittranjan Das, Sarkar declined the scholarship to study in England and gave up his lectureship at the University of Calcutta to join the freedom movement, a decision which he rued later. In 1920, Sarkar started his political career as the private secretary of Das. During this time he stayed at the Das family residence. He attended the 1920 Congress session at Nagpur, the 1921 Congress session at Ahmedabad and the 1922 Congress session at Gaya as a delegate. In 1921, he was instrumentation in organising strikes at the Raniganj Paper Mills and the Bengal Nagpur Railway. He also organised the Press Employees Association strike, one of the largest and longest strikes inBritish India where around 10,000 employees struck work for two and half months. Das also entrusted him with the responsibility of editing and managing the weekly nationalist paper Banglar Katha. When Bose returned to India, Sarkar introduced him to Das. On 7 December 1921, Sarkar was arrested by the British colonial police and sentenced to six months rigorous imprisonment under the Criminal Law Amendment Act for selling Khadi on College Street in Kolkata. At his trial, Sarkar told the judge "As I consider myself to be a free Indian, I deny the jurisdiction of this court set up by the British falsely in the name of law and order. I hope to be released only when the prison gate is opened by the first President of the free Indian Republic." He was imprisoned at the Alipore Central Jail where he shared his cell with Chiraranjan Das, the son of Chittaranjan Das. Later he was shifted to a larger cell which he shared with Chittaranjan Das, Birendranath Sasmal and Subhas Chandra Bose. At the prison, Sarkar suffered from smallpox when he was nursed back to health by Bose. Recounting the prison days, Sarkar later wrote that the middle class Indians, who went to the jails for the first time, overcame the fear of torture in the jails thus strengthening the Indian independence movement.

Sarkar was released from prison in June 1922. He returned to Nadia and carried on with public work. When Swarajya Party was founded in December 1922, Sarkar became a member of the party. In 1923, Sarkar got elected in the Bengal Legislative Council from Nadia on a Swarajya Party ticket. At 25, he became the youngest member of the Council. Later he became the chief whip of Swarajya Party in the Council. According to H. E. A. Cotton, the President of the Council, Sarkar was one of the most intellectually gifted members. Sarkar's speech during the Budget debate of 1924 was greeted as 'the speech of the season' by The Statesman.

Later he left the Congress over differences with the leadership and engaged himself in workers movement. Sarkar began to fight for the rights of the peasants and the workers and came to be known as the leader of the proletariat. On 1 November 1925, he along with Muzaffar Ahmed, Kazi Nazrul Islam, Qutubuddin Ahmad and Shamsuddin Hussain founded the Labour Swaraj Party in Bengal. At the All Bengal Praja Conference held in Krishnanagar on 6 February 1926, the name of the party was changed to Peasants and Workers Party of Bengal and Sarkar became the joint secretary along with Qutubuddin Ahmad. In 1926, he contested the General Elections to the Indian Legislative Assembly from Presidency Division. Between 1927 and 1929, Sarkar organised three tenants conference in Kushtia. In 1927, the All Bengal Praja Conference was held at Kushtia inNadia district presided over by Sarkar himself. Soumendra Nath Tagore and Philip Spratt spoke at the conference. In July 1927, Sarkar was took up the post of Home Minister to His Highness the Raja of Dewas, Malhar Rao Powar. In 1928, the regional tenants conference was held at the Jatindra Mohan Hall in Kushtia presided over by Muzaffar Ahmed. Hemanta Kumar Sarkar and Philip Spratt spoke at the conference. The same year Sarkar had to resign from his post as the Home Minister of Dewas State because of British pressure on the Raja to appoint a pro-British minister. Subsequently, Sarkar returned to Bengal and settled in Kushtia in Nadia from where he used to edit and publish theBengali weekly Jagaran. In March 1929, the regional tenants conference was presided over by Sarkar himself where Philip Spratt, Muzaffar Ahmed, Abdul Halim and others spoke. In 1929, Sarkar's Kushtia house and the Jagaran printing press were raided by the British colonial police, as part of investigations into the Meerut Conspiracy Case. Sarkar was forced to leave Kushtia and he moved to Kolkata. The paper Jagaran and the press were moved to Kolkata but Jagaran was closed by the British authority and Sarkar had to sell the printing press.

In 1934, he contested in the Central Legislative Council on a Congress ticket and lost.^[1] After the defeat, he stayed away from politics for some time. From 1935 to 1940, Sarkar tried his hand at a few roles in the business world, with companies such as the New India Assurance Co., New Asia Life Insurance Co., but he was not successful. He became the managing director of the New India Steam Navigation Co. and started a passenger and cargo line between Kolkata and Yangon. But after a few years, this company went into liquidation.

In 1940, when the district ad hoc committees were being constituted, he became the member of the ad hoc committee. He joined Mohandas Gandhi in the Satyagraha movement and was sent to jail for one year for a personal satyagraha on behalf of the fishermen of Nadia. He was released in 1941 on grounds of poor health due to illness.

In late 1946, Sarkar formed the Bengal Partition League along with Syama Prasad Mookerjee, Nalinaksha Sanyal, Colonel A.C. Chatterjee and others to press for the partition of Bengal and formation of a separate province for the Bengali Hindu people. He wrote a series of articles in Dainik Basumati justifying the need for the partition. He founded aBengali daily named Paschimbanga Patrika in support of West Bengal.

Later life

Sarkar spent his last years in Krishnanagar, working with local fishermen to improve their living conditions. He died in 1952. Even in his last writings, he continued to express hope that the news of Bose's death in an air crash was wrong, and that he would return to India soon.

Personal life

In November 1926, Sarkar married Sudhira Tagore (1902–1973), one of the first women post-graduates of Bengal. In 1931, Sarkar and his wife built their home at 7 Ballygunge Place in Kolkata. Sarkar had three sons – Manabendra, Dipankar and Manasija.

Books

Sarkar had written books in Bengali and English on linguistics and the personal experiences of his political career. In 1927, he published the first biographical sketch of Subhas Chandra Bose.

Bengali

• নদীয়া ও কলিকাতার কতকগুলি চলিত কথা

English

• History of the Bengali Language
• The Intellectual Laws of Language
• Twelve Years With Subhas
• My Jail Experiences
• Reminiscences of Deshbandhu.

  

900. Hemchandra Bandyopadhyay (1838-1903), 901. Hemchandra Bhattacharya

Banerjee, Hemchandra (1838-1903)  poet and lawyer, was born on 17 April 1838 in the home of his maternal grandparent in the village of Gulita in Hughli where his father, Kailaschandra Bandyopadhyay, was aghar jamai. It was through the efforts of his maternal grandfather that he was admitted to Khidirpur Bangala School in Kolkata. After the death of his grandfather, his education was suspended for some time. Subsequently, through the personal efforts of Prosannakumar Sarbadhikari, Principal of sanskrit college, Hemchandra learnt English and was admitted to Hindu School in Calcutta in 1853. In 1859 he passed BA from Presidency College and obtained the BL degree in 1866. Before graduating, Hemchandra worked for some time as a clerk in the office of the Military Auditor General. After serving briefly as headmaster of Calcutta Training Academy, he began practising law at Calcutta High Court. In 1862 be was appointed munsif. After some months he returned to his law practice. In 1890 he was made a government pleader. Hemchandra was a patriotic poet whose writings were inspired by Hindu nationalism. He fell into disfavour of the British government when his poem, 'Bharatsangit', which exhorted his fellow Indians to throw off their foreign shackles, was published in the Education Gazette in July 1872. For some time the poem was considered the national song of Bengal. His other writings such as 'Bharatvilap', 'Kalachakra', 'Ripon Utsav', and 'Bharater Nidrabhanga' also reflect his patriotism. Hemchandra's writings also concern women's issues, especially the injustices towards women and widows. His poem, 'Kulin Mahila Vilap' (The Lament of the Kulin Wife), greatly helped the cause of iswar chandra vidyasagar's campaign against polygamy. He believed in communal harmony, and his writings depict Bengal as a land where Hindus and Muslims dwell together. Hemchandra was perhaps the first national poet who visualised India as an undivided, independent and integrated land. Hemchandra's first book of poems, Chintatarangini, was published in 1861. But his masterpiece is the epic Vrtrasanghar (1875-77, 2 vols), inspired by the mahabharata. Its theme is the victory of justice over the unjust contemporary regime. At one time this epic earned a great deal of popularity. The poet's other writings include Virvahu Kavya (1864),Chhayamayi (1880), Dashamahavidya (1882), Ashakanan (1876) andChittavikash (1898). Kavitavali (1870-80, 2 vols) is a collection of Hemchandra's poems which include 'Jivansangit', 'Gangar Utpatti', 'Padmer Mrnal', 'Bharatkahini' and 'Ashoktaru'. Although these poems show obvious influences of English poetry, they are beautiful and charming additions to Bangla poetry. Hemchandra also translated several English books into Bangla, notably Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (1895) and Tempest.He also translated some English poems. A special feature of Hemchandra's writings was that he could compose long narrative poems as well as short lyrics, fiery patriotic poems as well as light ones. He was also reputed a wise and knowledgeable man. His declining years were, however, rather sad as he lost his eyesight. He also suffered financial difficulties, dying a pauper on 24 May 1903 at Khidirpur. [Aminur Rahman] Hemchandra Bhattacharya was arrested by foBritish Govt. for participating in Inter Provincial Conspiracy case. He  died in Rajshahi Jail.

898. Hemchandra Ghosh (1884-1980), 899. Hemchandra Kanungo (1871-1951)

1n 1901, Swami Vivekananda went to Dhaka and there he met and inspired a number of youths. Among them was Hemchandra Ghosh, an 18 years old boy who talked with Vivekananda on 3rd and 4th April. On 4th April, Hemchandra and his friends ( Srish Pal, Rajen Guha, Jogesh Dutta etc ) decided to join the Biplabi Andolon. Hemchandra was a disciple of Soham Swami ( Baghmara Shyamakanta ) or Shyamakanta Bandopadhyay. The latter inspired him with the words-"THERE IS TRUTH IN BRAHMAN. THERE IS ALSO TRUTH IN BULLET." Born on 24th October, 1884, in Dhaka, his father was a lawyer named Mathuranath Ghosh, and mother Monomohini Devi. They had four sons and one daughter, among whom "bhona" or Hemchandra was most famous. When Hemchandra was a student of Dhaka Jubilee School, he started to read Bankimchandra's works. It was a time of revolutionary movement and he soon got involved in it. Hemchandra wrote later-" Bankim's Anandamath inspired me to form a secret society. Physical culture and lathi-khela became my hobbies. Then came the Russo-Japanese War, in which Russia was defeated. The nations of Asia had become restless. This also made me restless." From 1901 to 1905, he had links with Pulin Behari Das, Ullaskar Dutta, Pramathanath Mitra and Barin Ghose. Pulin Das taught him the techniques of lathi chalana. In 1905, he started his own group named Dhaka Mukti Sangha or later Mukti Sangha in short. Its early members were Srish Pal, Rajen Guha, Makhan Chakraborty, Haridas Dutta, khagen Das, Bibhuti Basu, Nikunja Sen, Suren Bardhan etc. In 1906, Hemchandra came to kolkata to meet famous revolutionaries and leaders of that time like Sri Aurobinda, Brahmabandhab Upadhyay, Bipin Pal etc. A brach of Mukti Sangha was started in kolkata by Srish Pal. The first achievement of this branch was the killing of Nandalal Banerjee on 9th November, 1908, near Serpentine Lane. This police officer was responsible for hanging Khudiram Basu. In this, Srish Pal played the leading role with Ronen Ganguli of Atmonnoti Samiti. The second attemt of Mukti Sangha was on the life of a British Engineer of Alexander Jute Mill, which failed. The 3rd achievement was the Rhoda Conspiracy, in which Srish Mitra of Atmonnati Samiti played the leading role. In 1814, Hemchandra was arrested on Rhoda Conspiracy Case and in 1818, was sent to Hazaribag Central Jail as a state prisoner. He was released in 1920 after 6 years imprisonment in different jails. From 1920 to 1923, the members of Mukti Sangha formed several platforms like Sri Sangha, Shanti Sangha, Dhruva Sangha etc for social welfare. In reality, these were the platforms for secret recruitment of boys. Hemchandra motto was-"QUALITY, NOT QUANTITY." In 1926, Mukti Sangha members started Benu, a monthly magazine. Its first editor was famous Biplabi Bhupendra kishore Rakshit Ray. Hemchandra had close links with Sarat Chandra and Subhash Bose. In 1928, Hemchandra played an important role in Calcutta Congress. In this congress, Bengal Volunteers was formed by Hemchandra and commanded by Subhash Chandra Bose. The Mukti Sangha was transformed into BV

Hemchandra Kanungo Das (1871-1951) was one of the pioneer leaders of the secret revolutionary organization, and a principal co-accused with Aurobindo Ghosh in theAlipore Bomb Case (1908-09). He was sentenced to transportation for life in the Andamans, but was released in 1921.

He was probably the first revolutionary from India who went abroad to obtain military and political training. He obtained training from the Russian emigre in Paris. He returned to India in January 1908. He opened a secret bomb factory "Anusilonee Somitee" at Maniktala near Kolkata, founder members of which were Hemchandra Kanungo, Aurobindo Ghosh (Sri Aurobindo) and his brother, Barindra Kumar Ghosh.

Biography

Hemachandra decided that what was needed was technical know-how, and he went to Europe to get it. To get money for the trip he sold his house in Calcutta. Arriving in Marseille toward the end of 1906, he spent a few months trying to get in contact with revolutionaries, or people who knew revolutionaries, in Switzerland, France, and England. Finally he found a backer to support him while he studied chemistry in Paris. Someone introduced Joseph Albert, known as Libertad, to Hem and his friend Pandurang Bapat in July 1907. With the help of a female anarchist, apparently Emma Goldman, they were admitted to a party headed by a mysterious Russian known as Ph.D. During the latter part of 1907, the two Indians studied history, geography, economics, socialism, communism, and finally, the subjects they had come to learn: explosive chemistry and revolutionary organization. Hemchandra Das returned from Europe with a trunk full of up-to-date technical literature, the most important item of which was a seventy-page manual on bomb-making, translated from the Russian. Hem had not intended to join forces with Barin, but after a talk with Sri Aurobindo, agreed to cooperate.

A suicide squad of two members was sent to kill Kingsford (British Officer) at Mujjaffarpur, after bombing at wrong target, Shaheed Prafulla Chaki committed suicide before the British Indian Police detain him alive but Shaheed Kshudiram Bose failed commit suicide in time and the Police arrested him. As a result of this incident, the covert bomb factory established by Hemchandra Kanungo was raided by the British Police and shut down. Almost all of the members were arrested in a short period of time.

Religious beliefs

Hemchandra Kanungo had turned atheist during his stay abroad. He returned with Marxian inclination. He believed that the religious symbols, which were being used by revolutionary groups in Bengal during the first decade of the twentieth century, had kept the Muslim participants aloof from the revolutionary activities of the Indian freedom struggle

896nt of . Hirendranath Datta (1868-1942), 897. Huimayun Kabir (1898-1969)

Hirendranth Datta was born in Hat
khola, Kolkata. He was a brilliant student. He belonged to the moderate group of the Congress. He passed Attorney-ship of High Court in 1894 and came in contact with Annie Basant in the same year. He participated in all the movements as a leader upto 1920. He was the main activist of Annie Basant in Home Rule movement.He also joined in all the Congresses in 1894-1920. He became famous in the political field in the case of Aurobindo Ghosh in 1908 and also in Samsul murder case.  He was not a follower of non-violent path of Gandhiji and left the Congress in 1921.He formed Hindu Mahasabha with Madan Mohan Malabya and retired from politics.




Humayun Zahiruddin Amir-i Kabir or Humayun Kabir ( 22 February 1898 – 18 August 1969) was an Indian educationist, politician, writer and philosopher.

Ancestry and early life

Kabir was born on 22 February 1898 in Komarpur village near nangta para district town of Faridpur, currently in Bangladesh. His father, Khan Bahadur Kabiruddin Ahmed, was a Deputy Magistrate in Bengal and a forward looking man.

Education

He came first, with star marks, in his matriculation examination in 1922. He was educated at Presidency College, Calcutta, completing his Intermediate in Arts (I.A.) in English with first class third, and Calcutta University, where he completed his B.A. (Honours) and M.A. in English with first class first. He won a scholarship to Exeter College, Oxford where he completed his degree in 'Modern Greats', i.e. Philosophy, Political Science, and Economics with a first class in 1931.

Career

In 1932, he was invited by Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan to join as a lecturer at the newly established Andhra University. Later, he was a Joint Education Adviser, Education Secretaryand then Chairman of the University Grants Commission in Delhi. He was the Minister of State for Civil Aviation, Education Minister of India twice, under the Prime Ministerships ofJawaharlal Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri. He was also Scientific Research and Cultural Affairs Minister. In 1965, Indira Gandhi offered him the Madras Governor's post, which he declined. From 1956-62, he was a member of the Rajya Sabha and from 1962-69 he was a member of the Lok Sabha, representing Basirhat constituency in West Bengal.

Literary Works

Kabir was the editor of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad's biography India Wins Freedom. Maulana Azad dictated his biography to him in Urdu, which Kabir translated in English.

He was one of the co-drafter of the UNESCO 1950 statement titled The Race Question.

Personal Life

His daughter Leila Kabir is married to Indian politician George Fernandes. His nephew Altamas Kabir was the 39th Chief Justice of India (CJI) and his niece Shukla Kabir Sinha is a judge of the Calcutta High Court.

His younger brother Jehangir Kabir is a politician in West Bengal, India.

893. Hiranmoyee Ghosh (1893-1973), 894. Hiralal Dasgupta (1905-1971), 895. Hiralal Dasgupta (2) (1890-1971)

Hiranmoyee Ghosh was born in Shylet. She was influenced in Anti- Partition of Bengal 1905. She became widow at the age of 25 and came to her paternal house with her children. Here she came in contact with Revolutionary Birendra Sen and took patriotic movement. She was elected as a member of North Calcutta Womens' Organisation  She courted arrest for participating in Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. She joined in Forward bloc formed by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939. and participated in Quit India Movement in 1942.


Hiralal Dasgupta was born in Barisal. He started his political career as a close associate of Leader Jatindranath Sengupta. H joined all the movements launched by Congress in 1921. He remained in Jail as a state prisoner for 1930-1938. After release he became Secretary of Barisal Congress Committe. He joined in peasants movemntfrom 1940.He remained in Pakistan jail for eight years . The salvation struggle of Bangla Desh was started on 25.3.1971. when he was a prisoner in Pakistani Jail of Patuakhali. The Pakistani Army killed him mercilesssly and kept him in a ditch under earth.

Swadhinata-Sangrame Barishal by Hiralal Dasgupta

Hiralal dasgupta was born in Barishal.

Those who wish to know the history of Revolutionary Movement in Barishal, should read "SWADHINATA SANGRAME BARISHAL", a book by Hiralal Dasgupta in two volumes. This book takes the reader back to pre-independence Barishal, a region famous for its "paddy, rivers and canals". The first volume is divided into four chapters and the second volume is incomplete. The first chapter deals with the History of Chandradwip, the second chapter tells the story of 19th Century Barishal and the rise of revolutionary movement, the third chapter deals with the history of Aswini kumar's Swadesh Bandhab Samiti and Swadeshi, and the fourth is the history of Barishal Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar. The second volume contains the history of Barishal from 1920 to 1947. The author of this book lived in Jadavpur. His address was 45, Central Road. During 1950s, a committee was formed with Dr. Surendra Nath Sengupta as its President, Hiralal Dasgupta as Gen. Secy, and Mahendranath Dutta as Treasurer. The first meeting of the committee was held in 1951. The venue was 45, Central Road, Jadavpur. It was decided that a history of the revolutionary movement in Barishal would be written in details and it would represent the true spirit of Barishal. The responsibility for this difficult task was first given to Sashibhushan Dasgupta, but as he was busy, Hiralal Dasgupta was chosen. In 1965, Hiralal fell ill but continued his efforts till Oct, 1971. The book was finally published in 1972, when author was suffering from serious illness and lost his energy. The 700 pages of the original manuscript was published in the book-form, but 350 pages still remained to be published. In 1972, most of the members of the committee passed away, including the author himself. Seven secretaries out of eight and twelve members out of twenty already left this world when this book was published. All of them were revolutionaries of Barishal and they had first-hand knowledge of the movement. Only the treasurer Mahendranath Dutta was alive and due to his efforts, Sahitya Sansad published this book. Full of many interesting and unknown facts about Barishal, this book is a real treasure. One can view the "BIPLABI ANDOLON" through the eyes of a Biplabi. The Barishal of 1940s was totally different from the Barishal of 1920s. The revolutionary movement was overshadowed by the Congress and Gandhi's promises. However, none of this promises were fulfilled and in August, 1946, the Muslim League called for Direct Action Day. Barishal was covered with blood and the rest is history. Now the inevitable question comes-what led to the downfall of the Hindus in Barishal? Author shows many examples, but one example is most interesting--In those days, Nagendranath Dasgupta ( Shivaji kaviraj ) of khalisakota was the leader of Barishal Hindu Mahasabha. He was successful in attracting a large no of Namasudra population in Mahasabha. He, with the help of Gopal krishna Mukhopadhyay of Anushilan Samiti, personally met Namasudra leader Bhegai Haldar. A Namasudra Sanmelan was organized in Agailjhara village, where Namasudras from Faridpur, khulna etc participated. Pandit Madan Mohan Malavya was chosen President of it. Shyamsundar Chakraborty, and Padamraj Jain from kolkata came to witness it. "Thousands of Namasudras joined it and were accepted as a part of mainstream Hindu society." But the Muslim League was alarmed and finally the League was successful in creating a barries between the Jatiya Movement and the Namasudra movement. The League leaders made them believe that the true friend of the Namasudras were the Muslims, and their interests were the same. Henceforth, the Namasudras considered themselves different from the Hindus and they didn't join the National Movement. Another incidence of importance was Lakhutiya Massacre. The Zamindar of Lakhutiya was an active partner of the Swadeshi "THAKUR COMPANY". During the 1950's riots, the Hindus took refuge in Lakhutiya Rajbari. Then Indira Devi ( daughter of B. M. Chatterjee and wife of British Artillery Commander, Pareshlal Ray ), was present there. She had firearms with her and got assurance from the District Magistrate that Police would protect the Hindus. But Police didn't arrive and the Muslim Magistrate compelled her to leave that place. Indira Devi gave protection to those Hindus for three days, but after her departure, the Muslim mob surrounded that house. They set fire to the Lakhutiya Rajbari. When the Hindus came outside, they were brutally killed one by one. The villages of Magarpara, Sarshi, kalashgram, Hijla etc were attacked by the Muslim mob after this incident. In the words of Biplabi Gopal krishna Mukhopadhyay-" Tara eker por ek dol bedhe Hindu narider dharshan korlo.. Hindur matha diye genduya khela holo. Lakhutiyar aishyarjya o khyatir jabanika patan emni korei sanghatita holo. Grame bati jalate keu roilo na. Parshabarti gramguli chirotore nistabdha hoye gelo. Ei holo Barishal Swadhinata Sangram Mahanataker shesh drishya."

890. Himangsu Bimal Chakraborty, Bhattacharya , 891. Himangsu Mohan Basu (1906-1937), 892.Himangsu Sen ( 1915-1930)

Himangsu Bimal Chakraborty was born in Chittagonh.After Masterda being arrested , 4 youths of his group wanted to take revenge and on 7.1.1934 they attacked some officers in European Club maidan. He and Nitya Ranjan Sen became dead on the spot and Krishna Kumar Choudhury and Harendranath chakraborty were hanged.


Himangsu Mohan Basu was born in Munsigunj, Dhaka. He participated in Non-cooperation movement in 1921. The Heroic Revolutionaries took shelter in his house when they went underground. But they were arrested in 1930 Police supposing that they were associated with the attempt of Murdering Tegart Saheb. The British police tortured upon him inhumanly and kept him in Presidency Jail withoutgetting any prove of guilt.


Himangsu sen was born in Chittagong. He joined in secret revolutionary organisation in 1928. He was burnt seriously when he was going to set fire in the Chittagong Armoury on 18.4.1930.He then went underground.He was arrested from a house of Chandrapura of Chittagong. He died in Chittagong jail hospital.

888. Harendranath Munsi, 889. Hasarat Mohani, Maulana (1908-1951)Hasarat Mohani

Harendranath Munsi was jailed for 5 years in 1934 in Inter Provincial Conspiracy Case. While he was inDhaka jail he was undergoing hunger strike. The authority tried to feed him through nostril by introducing tube.But he died while doing so.

Maulana Hasrat Mohani (1 January 1875 – 13 May 1951) was a Romantic Poet of Urdu language, journalist, politician, parliamentarian of British India, besides a being a part of the Indian Independence Movement.

The real name of Maulana was Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan. Hasrat was his pen name which he used in the Urdu poetry and the word Mohani refers to the native place of Mohan where he was born. 'Inquilab Zindabad' was coined by the Maulana Hasarat Mohani in 1921

Short biography

The real name of Hasrat Mohani was Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan. He was born in 1875 at Mohan (town) in the Unnao district of United Province in British India. Since he was a poet ofUrdu, he had opted the pen name of Hasrat Mohani in Urdu shayri.

His ancestors migrated from Nishapur, in Iran.

Hasrat Mohani was not just a maverick when it came to publicly championing the radical thinking of Tilak. He also wrote verses expressing deep love for Krishna, and often went to Mathura to celebrate Krishna Janmashtami.

Career

Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a brilliant and hardworking student as well as a topper in his first state level exams. Later, he studied in Aligarh Muslim University, where some of his colleagues were Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali. His teachers in poetry were Tasleem Lucknawi and Naseem Dehlvi.

Academic

A few of his books are Kulliyat-e-Hasrat Mohani (en. Collection of Hasrat Mohani's poetry), Sharh-e-Kalam-e-Ghalib (en. Explanation of Ghalib's poetry), Nukaat-e-Sukhan (en. Important aspects of poetry), Mushahidaat-e-Zindaan (en. Observations in Prison), etc. A very popular ghazal Chupke Chupke Raat Din sung by Ghulam Ali, was penned by him. He was also featured in the film Nikaah of 1982. The famous slogan of Indian freedom fighters Inquilab Zindabad was coined by Moulana Hasrat Mohani himself.

Political

In 1921 Ram Prasad Bismil attended Ahmedabad Congress along with many volunteers from Shahjahanpur and occupied a place on the dias. A senior congressman Prem Krishna Khanna and revolutionary Ashfaqulla Khan was also with him. Bismil played an active role in the Congress with Maulana Hasrat Mohani and got the most debated proposal of Poorn Swaraj passed in the General Body meeting of Congress. Mohandas K. Gandhi, who was not in the favour of this proposal became quite helpless before the overwhelming demand of youths. It was another victory of Bismil against the Liberal Group of Congress. He returned to Shahjahanpur and mobilised the youths of United Province for non-co-operation with the Government. The people of U.P. were so much influenced by the furious speeches and verses of Bismil that they became hostile against British Raj.

Struggle for Indian independence

Hasrat Mohani participated in the struggle for Indian Independence (end of British Raj); and was jailed for many years by British authorities. He was the first person in Indian History who demanded 'Complete Independence' (Azadi-e-Kaamil) in 1921 as he presided over an annual session of All India Muslim League. He was a practising Muslim.

Communist movement

He was among the founders of the Communist Party of India. He was also imprisoned for promoting anti-British ideas, especially for publishing an article against British policies in Egypt, in his magazine 'Urdu-e-Mualla'. Afterwards, unlike some Urdu poets like Josh Malihabadi and Nasir Kazmi, and many Muslim leaders, he chose to live in India rather than move to Pakistan after independence (1947) to represent left over Indian Muslims on various platforms. In recognition for his efforts, he was made a member of the constituent assembly which drafted the Indian constitution. But unlike other members, he never signed it since he saw hypocrisy towards Muslim minorities in it (he was a Muslim himself).

Critical appreciations

According to Akhtar Payami  : Hasrat's poetic genius has been acclaimed by many writers and critics. In the not too distant past (beginning and the first half of the 20th century), Hasrat Mohani, Jigar Moradabadi and Asghar formed a constellation of emerging poets in a crucial period of India's history. Major political developments were taking place in the subcontinent and the sun was about to set on the British Empire. As conscious members of society, poets and writers do not remain indifferent to the changes in their socio-political milieu. Not only India but the whole world was in a state of flux.

Death and legacy

Maulana Hasrat Mohani died on 13 May 1951 in Lucknow, India.

Hasrat Mohani Memorial Society was founded by Maulana Nusrat Mohani in 1951. In Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, Hasrat Mohani Memorial Library and Hall Trust, Karachi have been established by Hasrat Mohani Memorial Society (Regd.) Every year, on his death anniversary, a memorial meeting is conducted by this Trust as well as many other organisations in India and Pakistan. Also Hasrat Mohani Colony, at Korangi Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, was named after Maulana Hasrat Mohani. A famous and vast road is named after him in the financial hub of Karachi.

A girls' high school in Metiabruz, Kolkata, India, has been named after him – Hasrat Mohani Memorial Girls' Higher Secondary School.

Collection

• Kulliyat-e-Hasrat Mohani (Collection of Hasrat Mohani's poetry)
• Sharh-e-Kalam-e-Ghalib (Explanation of Ghalib's poetry)
• Nukaat-e-Sukhan (Important aspects of poetry)
• Mushahidaat-e-Zindaan