Srish Chandra Mitra was born in Howrah. He helped directly in stealing a box of Maser Pistol of Rada Company on 26.8.1914. He remained underground at the instruction of the Party. Probably he died by the firing of security force while he attempted to cross China border.
Srish Mandal was the pioneer of organising peasants movement in Sundarban.He was jailed in Salt Satyagraha. He developed peasants movement in 1935. This movement converted into the movement of occupying govt. owned land. He also organised movement for "Tebhaga" and Fish-tank. The movement of occupying Fish tank started in 1958.He died at this time being attacked with some disease.
Sri Hari Charan Das was born in Midnapore.He joined in Quit India movement. He died in police firing while attacking Mahisadal Thana.
Tuesday, September 30, 2014
Sunday, September 28, 2014
753. Shrish Chandra Chattopadhyay(1873-1966), 754. Srish Chandra Dutta (1883-1961), 755. Srish Chandra Pal (1887-1939)
Shrish Chandra Chattopadhyay was born in Dhaka. He took active role in National movement after 1905. As a pleader he he supported the convict sides of Dhaka Conspiracy Case, Barisal conspiracy Case and firing of Guahati. He cooperated Deshabandhu Chittaranjan in forming Swarajya Dal.He opposed Gandhiji for withdrawing Dominion Status in 1928 in Calcutta Congress. He joined Quit india movement in 1942. He opposed vehemently the proposal of partition of India. He remained in East Pakistan after Partition. he became a member of East Bengal assembly since 1948. He joined in different Foreign Conferences of various countries on behalf East Pakistan.He came to India in 1962 and devoted himself in Basic education formulated by Gandhiji.
Srish Chandra Dutta was born in Sylet. He was in the fore front in revolutionary movement and all movements launched by Congress. In order to sabotage the monopoly business in Tea-Garden, he along with some friends bought a tea Garden and kept arrangements for underground shelter for revolutionaries. He looked upon the workers of Tea Garden and Railway workers during their strike. He was elected a member of Legislative Assembly as a candidate of Surama valley in 1927.
Srish Chandra Pal was a revolutionary and was born in Dhaka. He joined in secret revolutionary dal in 1905. he took the important role against Nandalal Banerjee (took arrangements for arrest of Prafulla Chaki), assassinate of Murari, Warren hastings, and theft of revover of Radda Co.he was arrested in 1916 after escape of a number of years and was released in 1919. He had connection with B.V and follower of Netaji.
Srish Chandra Dutta was born in Sylet. He was in the fore front in revolutionary movement and all movements launched by Congress. In order to sabotage the monopoly business in Tea-Garden, he along with some friends bought a tea Garden and kept arrangements for underground shelter for revolutionaries. He looked upon the workers of Tea Garden and Railway workers during their strike. He was elected a member of Legislative Assembly as a candidate of Surama valley in 1927.
Srish Chandra Pal was a revolutionary and was born in Dhaka. He joined in secret revolutionary dal in 1905. he took the important role against Nandalal Banerjee (took arrangements for arrest of Prafulla Chaki), assassinate of Murari, Warren hastings, and theft of revover of Radda Co.he was arrested in 1916 after escape of a number of years and was released in 1919. He had connection with B.V and follower of Netaji.
751. Sreekrishna Sing, 752. Sirish Chandra Ghosh (1887-1941)
Sreekrishna Sing was a famous freedom fighter and undiluted worker of Congress. He was a very popular leader. He joined almost all movements launched by the Congress and was jailed for several times. He was a member of AICC. Congress formed the Cabinet under his leadership in 1937. He was the first Chief minister and architecyt of Bihar in Independent India.It was decided that the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru would unveil the statue of Khudiram in Gandhi Maidan of Patna.But Khudiram follower of revolutionary Path and Jawaharlal did not like to do it. Then Sreekrishna Sing, chief Minister of Bihar took the responsibility of unveiling the Statue.
Shrish Chandra Ghosh was born in Burdwan.While reading in Duplay College, Chandannagar, he came in contact with the Principal Charu Chadra Roy and was inspired in Patriotism. At first he participated in Anti Bengal Partition movement and then joined in various revolutionary work. While working temporarily in "Hitabadi' magazine he became a favourite person of Sakharam Deuskar. He was associated with various revolutionary work in Revolutionary Era, such as, fetching a revolver to Kanailal Dutta in Alipore Central Jail ( for assassination of treacherous Naren Gnosai), to make liaison between the revolutionaries, attempt of Denham assassination.He made arrangements of shelter of Aurobindo Ghosh in 1910, and many revolutionaries including Dinesh Majumdar in 1933 in secret place. While going out of Chandannagar for his personal work in 1915, he was arrested and jailed for 5 years. He was released after WWI on declaration of "Royal Crimancy". Later he devoted himself in constructive work in Prabartak Ashram of Matilal Roy. He committed suicide by taking Ahifem for severe problem and want of finance.
Shrish Chandra Ghosh was born in Burdwan.While reading in Duplay College, Chandannagar, he came in contact with the Principal Charu Chadra Roy and was inspired in Patriotism. At first he participated in Anti Bengal Partition movement and then joined in various revolutionary work. While working temporarily in "Hitabadi' magazine he became a favourite person of Sakharam Deuskar. He was associated with various revolutionary work in Revolutionary Era, such as, fetching a revolver to Kanailal Dutta in Alipore Central Jail ( for assassination of treacherous Naren Gnosai), to make liaison between the revolutionaries, attempt of Denham assassination.He made arrangements of shelter of Aurobindo Ghosh in 1910, and many revolutionaries including Dinesh Majumdar in 1933 in secret place. While going out of Chandannagar for his personal work in 1915, he was arrested and jailed for 5 years. He was released after WWI on declaration of "Royal Crimancy". Later he devoted himself in constructive work in Prabartak Ashram of Matilal Roy. He committed suicide by taking Ahifem for severe problem and want of finance.
Saturday, September 27, 2014
748. Shyamendranath Bhattacharya (1907-1979), 749. Srikanta Maity, 750. Srikantakumar Das
Shyamendranath Bhattacharya was born in Faridpur. He participated in different movements launched by Congress. He passed 26 years prison life of which 14 years were in Pakistan. He contested in the elections held in 1954 in East Pakistan as a candidate of Communist Party and as a member of NAP from Baliakandi, Faridpur. He came to India and joined in Communist Party.
Srikanta Maity was born in Midnapore. He joined in Civil Disobedience movement and participated in a rally protesting collection of security taxes. He died in police firing at this moment.
Srikantakumar Das was born in Midnapore. Died by police firing in joining Quit India movement.
Srikanta Maity was born in Midnapore. He joined in Civil Disobedience movement and participated in a rally protesting collection of security taxes. He died in police firing at this moment.
Srikantakumar Das was born in Midnapore. Died by police firing in joining Quit India movement.
746. Shyamananda Sen (1901-1980), 747. Dr. Syamaprasad Mukhopadhyay (1901-1953)
Shyamananda Sen was born in Bajrajogini, Dhaka. He joined Revolutionary Organisation, Yugantar, at 12 years old and came in contact with 1st rank leaders of Mymensing. After the battle of Baleshwar at the leadership of Bagha Jatin when the leaders remained underground , he in his younger age maintained reliably the liaison between them. He remained confined for two years from 1917. He was an assistant of Surendra Mohan Ghosh in Mymensing Congress. He remained in jail for 1924-27,1931-38, 1941-46. He actively participated in opposing collection of security tax and Tarakeshwar Satyagraha.
Syama Prasad Mookerjee (6 July 1901 – 23 June 1953) was an Indian politician, who served as Minister for Industry and Supply in Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet. After falling out with Nehru, Mookerjee quit the Indian National Congress party and founded the nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh party in 1951.
| Syama Prasad Mookerjee | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 July 1901 Calcutta, Bengal, British India |
| Died | 23 June 1953 (aged 51) |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Hindu Mahasabha, Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| Spouse(s) | Sudha Devi |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Syama Prasad Mookerjee was born in a Bengali family on 6 July 1901 in
Calcutta (Kolkata) . His father was Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, a judge of the High
Court of Judicature at Fort William, Bengal, who was also Vice-Chancellor of
the University of Calcutta. His mother was Lady Jogamaya Devi Mukherjee.
Eminent writer and Himalaya lover Umaprasad Mukhopadhyay was his younger
brother.
Syama Prasad grew up to be "an introvert, rather insular, a reflective person; also an emotional person", who needed someone else by his side to give him emotional support. He was seriously affected by the early death of his wife Sudha Devi and never remarried.
Mookerjee obtained his degrees from the University of Calcutta. He graduated in English securing the first position in first class in 1921 and also completed an MA in Bengali(on his father's advice) and stood first in 1923 and completed his BL in 1924. He became a fellow of the Senate in 1923. He enrolled as an advocate inCalcutta High Court in 1924 after his father had died. Subsequently he left for England in 1926 to study at Lincoln's Inn and became a Barrister-at-Law in 1927. At the age of 33, he became the youngest Vice-Chancellor of the University of Calcutta (1934), and held the office till 1938. During his term as Vice-Chancellor of the Calcutta University he invited Rabindranath Tagore to give Convocation Address in Bengali in 1937, for the first time in history.
He was married for 11 years and had five children – the last one, a four-month old son, died from diphtheria. His wife died of pneumonia shortly afterwards.
Political career
Syama Prasad Mookerjee started his political career in a small way in 1929, when he entered the Bengal Legislative Council as a Congress candidate representing Calcutta University. He was elected as member of the Legislative Council of Bengal, as an Indian National Congress candidate representing Calcutta University but resigned the next year when Congress decided to boycott the legislature. Subsequently, he contested the election as an independent candidate and was elected. He was the Finance minister of Bengal Province in 1941–42.
He became the opposition leader when the Krishak Praja Party – Muslim League coalition was in power 1937–41 and joined the Progressive Coalition Ministry headed by Fazlul Haq as a Finance Minister, but resigned within less than a year. He emerged as a spokesman for Hindus and shortly joined the Hindu Mahasabha, becoming President in 1944.
Mookerjee was a political leader who felt the need to counteract the communalist and separatist Muslim League of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who were demanding either exaggerated Muslim rights or a Muslim state of Pakistan.
Mookerjee adopted causes to protect Hindus against what he believed to be the communal propaganda and the divisive agenda of the Muslim League. Mookerjee and his future followers would always cite inherent Hindu practices of tolerance and communal respect as the reason for a healthy, prosperous and safe Muslim population in the country in the first place. His views were strongly affected by the Noakhali genocide in East Bengal, where mobs belonging to the Muslim league massacred Hindus in large numbers.
Mookerjee was initially a strong opponent of the Partition of India, but following the communal riots of 1946–47, Mookerjee strongly disfavored Hindus continuing to live in a Muslim-dominated state and under a government controlled by the Muslim League.
On 11 February 1941 Mookerjee told a Hindu rally that if Muslims wanted to live in Pakistan they should "pack their bag and baggage and leave India... (to) wherever they like".
Mookerjee supported the partition of Bengal in 1946 to prevent the inclusion of its Hindu-majority areas in a Muslim-dominated East Pakistan; he also opposed a failed bid for a united but independent Bengal made in 1947 by Sarat Bose, the brother of Subhas Chandra Bose and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, a Bengali Muslim politician.
He wanted the Hindu Mahasabha not to be restricted to Hindus alone or work as an apolitical body for the service of the masses. Following the assassination ofMohandas K. Gandhi by Nathuram Godse, the Mahasabha was blamed chiefly for the heinous act and became deeply unpopular. Mookerjee himself condemned the murder.
Post-independence
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru inducted him into the Interim Central Government as a Minister for Industry and Supply. Mookerjee was widely respected by many Indians and also by members of the Indian National Congress, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, one of its chief leaders.
But on the issue of the 1950 Delhi Pact with Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, Mookerjee resigned from the Cabinet on 6 April 1950. Mookerjee was firmly against Nehru's invitation to the Pakistani PM, and their joint pact to establish minority commissions and guarantee minority rights in both countries. He wanted to hold Pakistan directly responsible for the terrible influx of millions of Hindu refugees from East Pakistan, who had left the state fearing religious suppression and violence aided by the state. Mookerjee considered Nehru's actions as appeasement, and was hailed as a hero by the people of West Bengal.
After consultation with Golwalkar of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Mookerjee founded the Bharatiya Jana Sangh on 21 October 1951 in Delhi and he became its first President. In the 1952 elections, the Bharatiya Jana Sangh won 3 seats in the Parliament of India including his seat. He had formed the
National
Democratic Party within the Parliament which consisted of 32 members of parliament and 10 of members of the Rajya Sabha which, however, was not recognised by the speaker as an opposition party. The BJS was ideologically close to the RSS and widely considered the political arm of Hindu Nationalism. It was opposed to the appeasement of India's Muslims. The BJS also favoured a uniform civil code governing personal law matters for both Hindus and Muslims, and wanted to ban cow slaughter and end the special status given to the Muslim-majority state of Jammu and Kashmir. The BJS founded the Hindutva agenda, which became the wider political expression of India's Hindu majority. His legacy still remains influential among the conservative members within the Congress.Opinion on special status of Jammu and Kashmir
To voice his opposition Mookerjee turned outside Parliament and on Kashmir he termed the arrangement under Article 370 as the Balkanisation of India and the three nation theory of Sheikh Abdullah. Bharatiya Jana Sangh along with Hindu Mahasabha and Ram Rajya Parishad launched a massive Satyagraha to get removed the pernicious provisions. Mookerjee went to visit Kashmir in 1953 and was arrested on 11 May while crossing Kashmir Border at Lakhanpur. He died as detenu on 23 June 1953.
Dr.Syama Prasad Mookerjee opposed the Indian National Congress's decision to grant Kashmir a special status with its own flag and Prime Minister. According to Congress's decision, no one, including the President of India could enter into Kashmir without the permission of Kashmir's Prime Minister. In opposition to this decision, he once said "Ek desh mein do Vidhan, do Pradhan aur Do Nishan nahi challenge" (A single country can't have two constitutions, two prime ministers, and two National Emblems).
Mookerjee went to visit Kashmir in 1953 illegally, and observed a hunger strike to protest the law that prohibited Indian citizens from settling in a state within their own country and mandated that they carry ID cards. Mookerjee wanted to go to Jammu and Kashmir but, because of the prevailing permit system, he was not given permission. He was arrested on 11 May while crossing the border into Kashmir. Although the ID card rule was revoked owing to his efforts, he died as a détenu on 23 June 1953 under mysterious circumstances.
However, before his death, he had agreed to a formulation of autonomy for Jammu and Kashmir with further autonomy for each region of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. In a letter on 17 February 1953 to Nehru in which he suggested: "(1) Both parties reiterate that the unity of the State will be maintained and that the principle of autonomy will apply to the province of Jammu and also to Ladakh and Kashmir Valley. (2) Implementation of Delhi agreement—which granted special status to the State—will be made at the next session of Jammu and Kashmir Constituent Assembly.”
According to Balraj Madhok, who later on became the President of the Jana Sangh, the party withdrew its commitment to the State autonomy and regional autonomy under the directive from Nagpur (the RSS headquarters).
Death
Mookerjee was arrested on entering Kashmir on 11 May 1953. Thereafter, he was jailed in a dilapidated house. Mookerjee had suffered from dry pleurisy and coronary troubles, and was taken to hospital one and a half months after his arrest due to complications arising from the same.[citation needed] He was administered penicillin despite having informed the doctor-in-charge of his allergy to penicillin, and he died on 23 June 1953.
His death in custody raised wide suspicion across the country and demands for an independent enquiry were raised, including earnest requests from his mother, Jogamaya Devi, to Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru declared that he had inquired from a number of persons who were privy to the facts and, according to him, there was no mystery behind Mookerjee's death. Jogamaya Devi did not accept Nehru's reply and requested the setting up of an impartial enquiry. Nehru, however, ignored the letter and no enquiry commission was set up. Mookerjee's death therefore remains a matter of some controversy.[13] Atal Bihari Vajpayee claimed in 2004 that the arrest of Mookherjee in Jammu and Kashmir was a "Nehru conspiracy".
Legacy
Along with Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Mookerjee is considered the godfather of Hindu nationalism in India, especially the Hindutva movement. Though Mookerjee was not associated with the RSS, he is widely revered by members and supporters of the RSS and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad.
On 22 April 2010, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi's newly constructed Rs. 650-crore building (the tallest building in Delhi) was named "Doctor Syama Prasad Mukherjee Civic Centre".[15] The Civic Centre was inaugurated by Home Minister P. Chidambaram. The building, which will cater to an estimated 20,000 visitors per day, will also house different wings and offices of the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). Delhi also has a major road named after Dr. S.P. Mukherjee, as does Kolkata.
On 27 August 1998, the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation named a bridge after Mookerjee.[16]
A BEST bus stop near the Chhatrapati Shivaji Museum (formerly the Prince of Wales Museum) and Regal Cinema in Mumbai is named as "Syamaprasad Mukherjee Chowk" in his honour.
In 2001, the main research funding institute of the Government of India, CSIR instituted a new fellowship named after him. The Syama Prasad Mukherjee Fellowship is the most prestigious fellowship given in India for doing a PhD Only the top 20% of students who clear the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF CSIR/UGC) are eligible to sit for this examination.
On 15 January 2012, Mathikere flyover under Bangalore City Limits was inaugurated and named "Dr Syamaprasad Mukherjee Flyover". In 2014, a multipurpose indoor stadium built at the Goa University campus in Goa was named after Mookerjee.
Friday, September 26, 2014
743. Shyamacharan Das, 744. Shyamacharan Maity, 745. Shyamadas Bandyopadhyay (1909-83)
Shyamacharan Das was born in Midnapore. He joined in Quit India movement but died in police firing while attacking Bhagaban Pur Thana.
Shyamacharan Maity became wounded by police firing during attacking Bhagaban Pur Thana in Quit India movement and died within fewmonths.
Shyamadas Bandyopadhyay was born in Hooghly. He courted prison life in Salt Satyagraha and Quit India movement. He was personal secretary when Prafulla Chandra Sen became the Food minister and chief Minister of West Bengal..
Shyamananda Sen was born in Bajrajogini, Dhaka.He joined the revolutionary organisation Yugantar at the age of 12 and came in contact with the top leaders of Mymensing. After the battle of Baleshwar at the leadership of Bagha Jatin, the leaders went underground and the young boy took creditably the responsibility of liaison between the leaders. He remained confined for two years in 917. He was assisting Surendramohan Ghosh in Mymensing Congress. He was in prison from 1924-27, 1931-38, 1941-1946. He took active part against collection of security tax and Tarakeshwar Satyagraha.
Shyamacharan Maity became wounded by police firing during attacking Bhagaban Pur Thana in Quit India movement and died within fewmonths.
Shyamadas Bandyopadhyay was born in Hooghly. He courted prison life in Salt Satyagraha and Quit India movement. He was personal secretary when Prafulla Chandra Sen became the Food minister and chief Minister of West Bengal..
Shyamananda Sen was born in Bajrajogini, Dhaka.He joined the revolutionary organisation Yugantar at the age of 12 and came in contact with the top leaders of Mymensing. After the battle of Baleshwar at the leadership of Bagha Jatin, the leaders went underground and the young boy took creditably the responsibility of liaison between the leaders. He remained confined for two years in 917. He was assisting Surendramohan Ghosh in Mymensing Congress. He was in prison from 1924-27, 1931-38, 1941-1946. He took active part against collection of security tax and Tarakeshwar Satyagraha.
741. Shyamji Krishna Barma (1857-1930), 742. Shyamsudar Chakrabarty (1869-1932)
Shyamji Krishna Varma
| |
| Born | Shyamji Krishna Nakhua 4 October 1857 Mandvi, Kutch, Gujarat |
|---|---|
| Died | 30 March 1930 Geneva, Switzerland |
| Ethnicity | Indian |
| Education | B.A. |
| Alma mater | Wilson High School, Mumbai;Balliol College, Oxford University |
| Occupation | Indian Revolutionary, lawyer, Journalist, Nationalist |
| Organization | The Indian Home Rule Society,India House, The Indian Sociologist |
| Known for | Indian Independence Movement |
| Spouse(s) | Bhanumati Krishna Varma |
| Parents | Karsan Bhanushali (Nakhua), Gomatibai |
Early life
Shyamaji Krishna Varma was born on 4 October 1857 in Mandvi, Kutch province as Shamji, the son of Karsan Bhanushali (Karsan Nakhua; Nakhua is the surname while Bhanushali is the community name), a labourer for cotton press company, and Gomatibai, who died when Shyamaji was only 11 years old. He was raised by his grandmother. His ancestors belonged to Bhachunda (23°12'3"N 69°0'4"E), a village of Abdhasa taluka of Kutch district. They migrated to Mandvi in search of employment and because of family disputes. After completing secondary education in Bhuj he went to Mumbai for further education at Wilson High School. While in Mumbai, he learnt Sanskrit.
In 1875 Shyamaji got married to Bhanumati, a daughter of a wealthy businessman of the Bhatia community and sister of his school friend Ramdas. Then he got in touch with the nationalist Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a radical reformer and an exponent of Vedas, who had founded Arya Samaj. He became his disciple and was soon conducting lectures on Vedic philosophy and religion. In 1877, a public speaking tour secured him a great public recognition all over Bharat. He became the first non-Brahmin to receive the prestigious title of Pandit by the Pandits of Kashi in 1877. He came to the attention of Monier Williams, an Oxford professor of Sanskrit who offered Shyamaji a job as his assistant.
Oxford
Shyamji arrived in England and joined Balliol College, Oxford on 25 April 1879 with the recommendation of Professor Monier Williams. Passing his B.A. in 1883, he presented a lecture on "the origin of writing in India" to the Royal Asiatic Society. The speech was very well received and he was elected a non-resident member of the society. In 1881 he represented India at the Berlin Congress of Orientalists.
Legal career
He returned to India in 1885 and started practice as a lawyer. Then he was appointed as Diwan (chief minister) by the King of Ratlam State; but ill health forced him to retire from this post with a lump sum gratuity of RS 32052 for his service. After a short stay in Mumbai, he settled in Ajmer, headquarters of his Guru Swami Dayananda Saraswati, and continued his practice at the British Court in Ajmer. He invested his income in three cotton presses and secured sufficient permanent income to be independent for the rest of his life. He served for the Maharaja of Udaipur as a council member from 1893 to 1895, followed by the position of Diwan of Junagadh State. He resigned in 1897 after a bitter experience with a British agent that shook his faith in British Rule.
Nationalism
Having read Satyarth Prakash and other books of Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Shyamji Krishna Varma was very much impressed with his philosophy, writings and spirit of Nationalism and had become one of his ardent admirers. It was upon Dayanand's inspiration, he set up a base in England at India House where were produced many revolutionaries like Madam Cama, Veer Savarkar, Lala Hardyal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Bhagat Singh etc. Shyamji Krishan was also an admirer of Lokmanya Tilak and supported him during the Age of Consent bill controversy of 1890. However, he rejected the petitioning, praying, protesting, cooperating and collaborating policy of the Congress Party, which he considered undignified and shameful. In 1897, following the atrocities inflicted by the British government during the plague crisis in Poona, he supported the assassination of the Commissioner of Plague by the Chapekar brothers but he soon decided to fight for Indian Independence in Britain.
England
Ordained by Swami Dayanand Saraswati the founder of Arya samaj, Shyamji Krishan Verma upon his arrival in London stayed at the Inner Temple and studied Herbert Spencer's writings in his spare time. In 1900 he bought an expensive house in Highgate. His home became a base for all political leaders of India. Thilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Gandhi, Lenin etc., all visited him to discuss the Indian Independence Movement. Avoiding the Indian National Congress, he kept in contact with rationalists, free thinkers,
national
He was much inspired by Herbert Spencer,s writings. At Spencer's funeral in 1903, he announced the donation of £1,000 to establish a lectureship at University of Oxford in tribute to him and his work. A year later he announced that Herbert Spencer Indian fellowships of RS 2000 each were to be awarded to enable Indian graduates to finish their education in England. He had also announced additional fellowship in memory of the late Swami Dayananda Saraswati, the founder of Arya Samaj, along with another four fellowships in the future.
Political activism
In 1905, Shyamji focused his activity as a political propagandist and organiser for the complete independence of India. Shyamji made his debut in Indian politics by publishing the first issue of his English monthly, The Indian Sociologist, an organ and of political, social and religious reform. This was an assertive, ideological monthly aimed at
inspiring
Indian Home Rule Society
On 18 February 1905 Shyamji inaugurated a new organisation called The Indian Home Rule Society. The first meeting, held at his Highgate home, unanimously decided to found The Indian Home Rule Society with the object of:
- Securing Home Rule for India
- Carrying on Propaganda in England by all practical means with a view to attain the same.
- Spreading among the people of India the objectives of freedom and national unity.
India House
As many Indian students faced racist attitudes when seeking accommodations, he founded India House as a hostel for Indian students, based at 65, Cromwell Avenue, Highgate. This living accommodation for 25 students was formally inaugurated on 1 July by Henry Hyndman, of the Social Democratic Federation, in the presence of Dadabhai Naoroji, Lala Lajpat Rai, Madam Cama, Mr. Swinney (of the London Positivist Society), Mr. Harry Quelch (the editor of the Social Democratic Federation's Justice) and Charlotte Despard, the Irish Republican and suffragette. Declaring India House open, Hyndman remarked, "As things stands, loyalty to Great Britain means treachery to India. The institution of this India House means a great step in that direction of Indian growth and Indian emancipation, and some of those who are here this afternoon may live to witness the fruits of its triumphant success." Shyamji hoped India House would incubate Indian revolutionaries and Bhikaiji Cama, S. R. Rana, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, and Lala Hardayal were all associated with it.
Later in 1905, Shyamji attended the United Congress of Democrats held at Holborn Town Hall as a delegate of the India Home Rule Society. His resolution on India received an enthusiastic ovation from the entire conference. Shyamji’s activities in Englandaroused the concern of the British government: He was disbarred from Inner Temple and removed from the membership list on 30 April 1909 for writing anti-British articles in The Indian Sociologist. Most of the British press were anti–Shyamji and carried outrageous allegations against him and his newspaper. He defended them boldly. The Times referred to him as the "Notorious Krishnavarma". Many newspapers criticised the British progressives who supported Shyamji and his view. His movements were closely watched by British Secret Services, so he decided to shift his headquarters to Paris, leaving India House in charge of Vir Savarkar. Shyamji left Britain secretly before the government tried to arrest him.
Paris and Geneva
He arrived in Paris in early 1907 to continue his work. The British government tried to have him extradited from France without success as he gained the support of many top French politicians. Shyamji’s name was dragged into the sensational trial of Mr Merlin, an Englishman, at Bow Street Magistrates' Court, for writing an article in liberators published by Shyamji’s friend, Mr. James.
Shyamji's work in Paris helped gain support for Indian Independence from European countries. He agitated for the release of Savarker and acquired great support all over Europe and Russia. Guy Aldred wrote an article in the Daily Herald under the heading of "Savarker the Hindu Patriot whose sentences expire on 24 December 1960", helping create support in England, too. In 1914 his presence became an embarrassment as French politicians had invited King George V to Paris to set a final seal on the Entente Cordiale. Shyamji foresaw this and shifted his headquarters to Geneva. Here the Swiss government imposed political restrictions during the entire period of World War I. He kept in touch with his contacts, but he could not support them directly. He spent time with Dr. Briess, president of the Pro India Committee in Geneva, whom he later discovered was a paid secret agent of the British government.
Post World War I
He offered a sum of 10,000 francs to the League of Nations to endow a lectureship to be called the President Woodrow Wilson Lectureship for the discourse on the best means of acquiring and safe guarding national independence consistently with freedom, justice, and the right of asylum accorded to political refugees. It is said that the league rejected his offer due to political pressure from British government. A similar offer was made to the Swiss government which was also turned down. He offered another lectureship at the banquet given by Press Association of Geneva where 250 journalists and celebrities, including the presidents of Swiss Federation and the League of Nations. Shyamji’s offer was applauded on the spot but nothing came of it. Shyamji was disappointed with the response and he published all his abortive correspondence on this matter in the next issue of the Sociologist appearing in December 1920, after a lapse of almost six years.
Death and commemoration
He published two more issues of Indian Sociologist in August and September 1922, before ill health prevented him continuing. He died in hospital at 11:30pm on 30 March 1930 leaving his wife, Bhanumati Krishnavarma.
News of his death was suppressed by the British government in India. Nevertheless tributes were paid to him by Bhagat Singh and other inmates in Lahore Jail where they were undergoing a long-term drawn-out trial. Maratha, a English daily newspaper started by Bal Gangadhar Tilak paid tribute to him.
He had made prepaid arrangements with the local government of Geneva and St Georges cemetery to preserve his and his wife’s ashes at the cemetery for 100 years and to send their urns to India whenever it became independent during that period. Finally on 22 August 2003 the urns of ashes of Shyamaji and his wife Bhanumati were handed over to the Chief Minister of Gujarat State Narendra Modi by the Ville de Genève and the Swiss government 55 years after Indian Independence. They were brought to Mumbai and after a long procession throughout Gujarat, they reached Mandvi, his birthplace. A memorial called Kranti Tirthdedicated to him was built and inaugurated in 2010 near Mandvi. Full scale replica of India House and galleries dedicated to earlier activists of Indian independence movement are constructed and the urns containing ashes were kept there.
In the 1970s, a new town developed in his native state of Kutch, was named after him as Shyamji Krishna Varmanagar in his memory and honor. India Post released postal stamps and first day cover commemorating him. Kuchchh University was renamed after him.
Shyam Sundar Chakravarthy (12 July 1869 – 7 September 1932), alternately spelled as Shyam Sundar Chakravarty or Shyam Sundar Chakravarthi (Bengali: শ্যাম সুন্দর চক্রবর্তী), was an Indian revolutionary,independence activist and journalist from Bengal. He was born in Bharenga, Pabna in Bengal Presidency (currently in Bangladesh). He belonged to the "Pabna Group" of Bengali revolutionaries along with Abinash Chakravarty and Annada Kaviraj. In 1905 he was the sub-editor of the revolutionary journal Sandhya. In 1906, He joined with Bengali nationalist newspaper Bande Mataram as an assistant to its editor Sri Aurobindo and later became its editor. In 1908, he was deported to Burma along with 8 other revolutionaries. .He remained intern during 1907-1920. he suffered prison life for joining non-cooperation movemernt. Later he became an adherent of the non violent methods of Indian National Congress and an office bearer of the Swaraj Party. He founded and edited the newspaper "The Servant"in 1920 to promote the Non-cooperation movement.
Shyam Sundar Chakravarthy (12 July 1869 – 7 September 1932), alternately spelled as Shyam Sundar Chakravarty or Shyam Sundar Chakravarthi (Bengali: শ্যাম সুন্দর চক্রবর্তী), was an Indian revolutionary,independence activist and journalist from Bengal. He was born in Bharenga, Pabna in Bengal Presidency (currently in Bangladesh). He belonged to the "Pabna Group" of Bengali revolutionaries along with Abinash Chakravarty and Annada Kaviraj. In 1905 he was the sub-editor of the revolutionary journal Sandhya. In 1906, He joined with Bengali nationalist newspaper Bande Mataram as an assistant to its editor Sri Aurobindo and later became its editor. In 1908, he was deported to Burma along with 8 other revolutionaries. .He remained intern during 1907-1920. he suffered prison life for joining non-cooperation movemernt. Later he became an adherent of the non violent methods of Indian National Congress and an office bearer of the Swaraj Party. He founded and edited the newspaper "The Servant"in 1920 to promote the Non-cooperation movement.