627. Rajat Kumar Sen (1913-1930), 628. Rajat Dutta (1908-1980)

Rajat Kumar Sen was born in Chittagong. He was a member of Indian Republican Army.

He participated in Chittagong Armoury Raid on 18.4.1930 and fight with British army at Jalalabad Hills on 22.4.1930. While attacking the barricade of  British Soldiers he died in the cross firing.


Rajat Dutta was born in Birbhum. He was a freedom fighter and a social activist. He remained in Andaman Jail for many years.

626. Rangalal Bandyopadhyay (1827-1887)

Banerjee, Rangalal (1827-1887) patriotic poet and journalist, was born at Bakulia in Hughli, West Bengal. He lost his father when just a child. After studying at a local pathshala and missionary school, He was admitted to Hughli Mohsin College. He was fluent in Bangla, English, and Sanskrit as well as Oriya. While still a student, his poems were published in the Sangbad Prabhakar of Ishwar Chandra Gupta. Rangalal edited the monthly Rasa Sagar (1852; later renamed as Sambad Sagar. and the weekly Bartabaha (1856). He was appointed as assistant editor of the newly published Education Gazze (1855) in which both as his prose writing as well as poetry were published. For some time he taught Bangla Literature in Presidency College, Kolkata. He joined Government Service and served variously as Income Tax Assessor, Deputy Collector and Deputy Magistrate. During his posting to Cuttack, Orissa, he published Utkal Darpan, a news paper in Oriya, in which he wrote a number of academic papers on the archeology of Orissa. and on the Oriya language.
Rangalal's first and perhaps most important , literary achievement is Padmini Upakhyan (1858), a historical romance based on
Todd's Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan . His lines from Padmini's Upakhyan "swadhinatahinatay ke bachite chay he ke bachite chay" inspired revolutionaries in their struggle for freedom. His other poetical works include Karmadevi (1868), Kanchi Kaveri (1879), In 1872 he rendered Kalidasa's ritusanghar and Kumarsambhava into verse. His another poetical translation in Sanskrit Nitikusumanjali (1872). he edited and published Mukundaram's Kavikankan Chandi (1882). He died on 13 May 1887.  

625. Ranga, N.G. Prof. (1900-1995)

N G Ranga Statue at RK Beach in Visakhapatnam.
Gogineni Ranga nayukulu (Telugu: గోగినేని రంగ నాయకులు ), better known as N. G. Ranga  (7 November 1900 – 9 June 1995), was an Indian freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and kisan (farmer) leader. He was an exponent of the peasant philosophy, and considered the father of the Indian Peasant Movement after Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.

Ranga was born in Nidubrolu village in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh in a Kamma family. He went to school in his native village, and graduated from the Andhra-Christian College, Guntur. He received a B.Litt. in Economics from the University of Oxford in 1926. On his return to India, he took up teaching as Professor of Economics at Pachaiyappa's College, Madras (Chennai).

Political Career : Ranga joined the freedom movement inspired by Gandhi's clarion call in 1930. He led the ryot agitation in 1933. Three years later, he launched the Kisan Congress party. He held historic discussions with Gandhiji on the demand for a rythu-coolie state. He wrote a book, Bapu Blesses regarding his discussions with Gandhi..

Lok Sabha	Period	Constituency	Party
2nd Lok Sabha	1957–1962	Tenali	Congress Party
3rd Lok Sabha	1962–1967	Chittoor	Swatantra Party
4th Lok Sabha	1967–1970	Srikakulam	Swatantra Party
7th Lok Sabha	1980–1984	Guntur	Congress (I)
8th Lok Sabha	1984–1989	Guntur	Congress (I)
9th Lok Sabha	1989–1991	Guntur	Congress (I)

Ranga was one of the founders of the International Federation of Agricultural Producers. He represented India at the Food and Agriculture Organisation (Copenhagen) in 1946, theInternational Labour Organisation (San Francisco) in 1948, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (Ottawa) in 1952, the International Peasant Union (New York) in 1954 and the Asian Congress for World Government (Tokyo) in 1955.

He quit the Congress Party and founded the Bharat Krushikar Lok Party and the Swatantra Party, along with Rajaji who was a trenchant critic of the cooperative farming idea. Ranga became the founder-president of the Swatantra Party and held that post for a decade. In the general elections held in 1962, the party won 25 seats and emerged as a strong Opposition. He rejoined the Congress (I) in 1972.

Ranga served the Indian Parliament for six decades from 1930 to 1991.He passed away on 8th June 1995 4.30 pm in his native place Ponnur in Guntur district Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao condoned the death of Prof. Ranga, the Prime Minister said that in the passing away of Prof Ranga, the country has lost an outstanding Parliamentarian and a champion of public causes and rural peasantry. Prof. Ranga served as a Member of Parliament foe a record number of 60 years and found a place in the Guinness book of world records.The Andhra Pradesh government declared a 3 day state mourning.

Honours

• Agricultural University of Andhra Pradesh is named in his honour and memory as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University.

• His name found a place in the Guinness Book of World Records as a Parliamentarian with fifty years of service.

• The N.G. Ranga Farmer Award for Diversified Agriculture was instituted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in 2001.

• A commemorative postage stamp was released by Government of India in 2001.

• He was awarded Padma Vibhushan by the President of India in 1991.

623. Jogesh Chandra Biswas (1909-1989), 624. Rakshan Bera

The ancestral house of Jogesh Chandra Biswas was in Mymensingh. His education and carrear was in Dhaka. He started his revolutionary life after joining Anushilan Samity. After joining in Freedom Struggle he had to suffer many years in prison. He was confined in Bauxer jail and intern in Pabna.He joined Congress after being released in 1937. He kept contact with the revolutionaries simultaneously. At this time he became Secretary of Dhaka District Congress and tried to organise it. he halso had contacts with Subhas Chandra Bose. He began to live in Jadavpur area after partion of India. He became vice-president of All India Freedom Fighters Association and at the time of his death he became president. He obtained copper plate from India Govt. He was also honoured by State Govt. He received felicitation paper and other gifts in Calcutta Maidan along with other Freedom fighters on 5.12.1985.


Rakshan Bera was born in midnapore. He participated in the picketing of payment of Security tax and became wounded by police bullet with which he died on the very day.

621. Jogeshchandra Chattopadhyay ( 1895-1969), 622. Jogesh Chandra Dutta (1847-1923)

Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee  (1895–1969) was an Indian freedom fighter, revolutionary and member of Rajya Sabha. He was born in Dhaka.  

Short biography

Jogesh Chandra became a member of the Anushilan Samiti. He was influenced by Purna Chakraborty of Coomillah . During WWI in 1914, there would have been a revolution in Chittagong, Noakhali, and Tripura. He was one of the founder members of Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) (in 1924) that later became Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. He was arrested several times for revolutionary activities. He was tried in the Kakori conspiracy case in 1926 and received rigorous imprisonment for life. He was a colleague of Subhas Chandra Basu. 

He wrote two books 1) Indian Revolutionaries In Conference 2) In Search Of Freedom (as biography)

In 1937, Jogesh Chandra joined Congress Socialist party but left it very shortly and formed a new party in 1940 with a name of Revolutionary Socialist Party of which he remained the General Secretary from 1940 to 1953. He was the Vice-President of All India United Trades Union Congress (the trade union wing of RSP) from 1949 to 1953 and United Socialist Organisation for a year 1949 only.^[2]

After independence, however, he returned to the Congress and became a member of the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 1956 and remained its member till his death in 1969.^[3] He acted in a number of famous Bengali movies including Satyajit Ray's Nayak and Tapan Sinha's Galpa Holeo Satyi.

Jogesh Chandra Dutta was born in Calcutta. In the thanks giving ceremony of Lord North Brook in 1876 he opposed the proposal and became known as a member of "Amar dashjan" like  the  other nine  famous person. He was one of the guarantor of Surendaranath Banerjee along with Anandamohan and . He was a Commissioner of Calcutta .honorary magistrate. 

618. Jugalpada Das (1896-1976), 619.Judhisthir jana, 620.Jogendra jana (1910-1942), 620A. Jogendranath Das (1907-1942)

Jugalpada Das was born in Birbhum. He joined Anushilan Samity in his early years. Later he was connected with National Movement. He was imprisoned several times during 1930-51. He joined in RCPI for direct revolutionary work. In a joint meeting RCPI proposed armed revolution and did armed revolution in Dumdum and Basirhat area. lastly he joined in Communist Party.


Judhisthir Jana was born in Midnapore. He attacked Bhagabanpur Thana during and became wounded by police bullet and died on the very day.


Jogendra Jana was born in Midnapore. He participated in Civil disobedience movement and Quit India movement.He was beaten by the police in his own village and died after  few days.


Jogendranath Das was born in Midnapore. He died by police bullet while attacking Mahishadal Thana during Quit India movement.

616. Jaminikanta Kamila (1920-1942), 617. Jugal Kishore Dutta (1897-1977)

Jaminikanta Kamila was born in Midnapore. He participated in "No Tax" movement in 1932. He died in police bullet at Sarshadal while picketing in Quit India movement.


Jugal Kishore Dutta was a revolutionary and a freedom fighter. His intimate colleague in his revolutionary works were Bagha Jatin, Satish Basu, Rasbehari Basu, P.Mitra, Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee etc. He became seriously wounded when police surrounded the secret centre of the revolutionaries at salikha of Howrah in august 1915. Police could not secure any information from him about their secret activities inspite of severe physical torture on his body. He was imprisoned many times for participating in all national movements. He passed 9 years of the end his life in " Biplabi Niketan" founded by the revolutionaries.  

615. Jadugopal Mukhopadhyay (1886-1976)

Jadugopal Mukherjee
Born	18 September 1886 Tamluk, British India
Died	30 August 1976 (aged 89)
Nationality	Indian
Occupation	Freedom fighter
Organization	Hindustan Republican Association
Movement	Indian Independence Movement

Jadu Gopal Mukherjee (18 September 1886 - 30 August 1976) was an eminent Bengali Indian revolutionary who, as the successor ofJatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin, led the Jugantar members to recognise and accept Gandhi’s movement as the culmination of their own aspiration.

Early life

Jadugopal or Jadu was born at Tamluk in the district of Medinipur on the bank of the Rupnarayan River in West Bengal, where his father Kishorilal practised law and distinguished himself as a Kheyal singer. The family came from Beniatola in north Kolkata. Jadu’s mother Bhubanmohini hailed from a Vaishnava family and transmitted in her children a spirit of devotion. Jadu’s younger brother was to settle in the U.S.A. and to be known in the West the famous writer and cultural scholar Dhan Gopal Mukerji. As an upper class student of the Duff School in Kolkata, Jadu learnt to think patriotically, thanks to one of his teachers. He became a member of the Kolkata Anushilan Party in 1905, attracted by its physical culture and, on the foil of the Partition, by its political climate. He writes in his autobiography that the single-handed fight of Bagha Jatin with a Royal Bengal tiger thrilled him and his friends in 1906, and he had an impression of belonging to a heroic epoch. After the F.A. examination, in 1908, Jadu entered the Calcutta Medical College. Fond of observing and analysing the rising tide of patriotism and the Government measures to repress them, Jadu preferred remaining aloof, confining himself to a couple of close friends.

First World War

Relief work during the 1913 Damodar floods brought Jadu close to Bagha Jatin and the latter’s important associates. Busy cementing the regional units for organising an armed insurrection during the forthcoming War, Jatin designated Rash Behari Bose as the responsible for Upper India. Though jealous of Naren Bhattacharya’s proximity with Jatin, Jadu received the charge of developing the external links, mainly with Taraknath Das in California and Virendranath Chattopadhyay in Germany. With the failure of the Indo-German Plan and Bagha Jatin’s sudden death in 1915, finding Atulkrishna Ghosh, the legitimate right-hand man of Jatin, plunged in a momentary despair, Jadu replaced him and asked the revolutionaries to disperse. During Jadu’s absence, Bhupendra Kumar Datta maintained the leadership till his arrest in 1917.

Absconding leader comes home

Hiding in the hilly forests of Assam-Burma and Tibeto-Bhutan frontiers, Jadu was informed about the impact of the revolutionaries’ activities on the Imperialists and about the question of a possible concession of constitutional reforms with the Rowlatt Act at the end of World War I. Returning home in 1921, Jadu obtained a special permission to sit for the Medical degree Examination and passed it with record results in 1922. After Gandhi’s first failure, according to their initial contract, the Jugantar members worked under DeshbandhuChittaranjan Das to form the alternative Swaraj movement and they declared their new programme by celebrating the 8th anniversary of Bagha Jatin’s self-giving on 9 September 1923, from Bengal to Punjab.

After receiving a message from Lala Har Dayal, Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil went to Allahabad where he drafted the constitution of Hindustan Republican Association in the winter season of 1923 with the help of Dr. Jadugopal Mukherjee and Sachindra Nath Sanyal both of these revolutionaries were from Bengal. The basic name and aims of the organisation were typed on a Yellow Paper in Allahabad.

Alerted by this, the British authorities immediately arrested the radicals; arrested for the first time, Jadu was detained under the State Prisoners’ Regulation for four years. Released in 1927, he was externed from Bengal. Settled in Ranchi, he earned an outstanding reputation in TB treatment. He married Amiyarani Chaudhuri in 1934 and had two sons. At this juncture, he succeeded in bringing together the Jugantar and the Anushilan radicals, creating the short-lived federated Karmi-Sangha; under the pretext that Subhas Chandra Bose and the Jugantar leaders were indifferent to their efficiency, the members of the Anushilan put an end to this fusion.

Jadu took the initiative, in 1938, and announced that the Jugantar stopped existing as a Party distinct from the Congress, extending its full support to Gandhi. Arrested again for helping Gandhi to organise the Quit India movement, in 1942, he was released two years later. He disagreed with the Congress compromise on vital issues such as complete independence and partition of India, and he resigned in 1947. He died in 1976.

A tribute

"Abstemious, generous, dignified, loving and lovable, Jadugopal’s popularity has been universal," wrote Bhupendra Kumar Datta. "He scorns caste, communal and parochial narrowness. Holding secularism, scientific education, national unity, mass uplift through educational and economic progress as independent India’s ideals, the revolutionists’ fourfold programme, he continued to work ..." In spite of containing valuable observations and factual details, his personal memoirs in Bengali, biplabi jibaner smriti, supposed to have been ghost written by people of various interests when his memory had started failing seriously, roused considerable indignation and disappointment. His Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosisbecame a reference book.

613. Jatramohan Sen (1850-1919), 614. Jadavendranath Panja (1885-1961)

Sengupta, Jatra Mohan (1850-1919)  lawyer, politician. He was born on 30 July 1850 at village Barma under Chandanaish upazila of Chittagong district. His father was Trahiram Sen and mother Menaka Devi. Trahiram Sen was an Ayurvedic physician. Jatra Mohon passed Entrance examination from Chittagong Government School in 1868, FA (First Art) in 1870 from Chittagong College, and passed BA examination from Kolkata Cathedral Mission College. Jatra Mohon thereafter took a job in the commissioner office of Chittagong. But soon he left and went of Calcutta to study law. Due to financial hardship, he along with his study joined as the Headmaster of Compound Kedison Mission School in the convent of Mr. Long in Kolkata. He obtained B.L degree in 1876 and joined the Chittagong district bar. Jatra Mohon Sengupta earned great reputation as a lawyer in undivided Bengal.

		Jatra Mohan joined the Indian National Congress politics. He was elected a member of the Bengal Legislative Council in 1898. He was a member of the Chittagong Municipality, Chittagong Zila Board and and a member of the Chittagong College governing body. He was the president of the session of the Congress held at Mymensingh, and presided over the Dhaka session of the Purba Banga Brahma Sammilan.
Jatra Mohan Sengupta

Jatra Mohon was interested in Bangla literature. It was by his initiative that the Bangiya Pradeshik Sahitya Sammelan was held in Chittagong presided over by akshay kumar sarkar. Jatra Mohon had immense contribution to development of education. He established a girls’ school at Jamal Khan Road in Chittagong after the name of his father-in-law, Dr. Annada Charan Khastagir. For the elevation of this institution to a high English school he donated sufficient land and a house. He established a girls’ school at village Barma which was named after his wife, Binodini. He established the Trahi Menaka School in 1883 after the name of his parents. Besides, he established a charitable hospital at Barma, Town Hall (Jatra Mohan Sen Hall) and Oldham Club in Chittagong. In 1895, he established the Brahma Mandir on his own land and at his own expense. He died in Kolkata on 2 November 1919.  [Ahmad Momtaz]

Jadavendranath Panja was born in Burdwan. He joined non-cooperation movement at the call of Gandhiji giving up his practice as a lawyer and imprisoned many times. He was elected chairmen in Burdwan district Congress Committee for 20 years. He was a member of Legislative Assembly of Undivided Bengal. After independence he became a member of State cabinet of Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy. At the time of his death he was President of Bengal provincial Congress Committee 

611. Jatish Bhaumik (1905-1986), 612.Yamuna Ghosh

Jatish Chandra Bhaumik was a freedom fighter. He was first arrested in the case of Dalhousie square Conspiracy Case. He was imprisoned for more than 15 years in jail. He was an editor of "Forward" patrika for some time. He served in a college as a professor and married with the revolutionary Bina Das.


Yamuna Ghosh was born in Bikrampur, Dhaka.She was a leader of All india congress Committee. She was the sister of Dr. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh. She became orphan in her childhood. She continued her study in Nivedita School remaining in hostel.When she participated in civil disoedience movement the abhoy ashram of Coomilla was declared banned and she was imprisoned for 15 months. She again joined the movement and was punished. She was released in 1933. She participated in Quit India movement in 1942 and was arrested under DI rule of India for one year. In 1950, she joined relief work during famine in 1950 with Labanyaprava Chanda and and worked as a teacher in Basic education. In this system she had to clean everything in her own hand. she along with others used to clean toilets. She was a representative of Kasturba Trust in 1954-63    

609. Jatindralochan Mitra (1895-1968), 610. Jatish Guha

Jatindralochan Mitra was born in Calcutta. He joined Anushilan Samity at an early age. He participated in the plan of Bagha Jatin (1915). The revolutionaries prepared a plan of Independence of India in 1913 and he was the maker and inventor of this plan.He conducted  the workshop of the arms producing and repairing factory of the revolutionaries. He was arrested (19114) with two pistols made of Rada Co. which he wanted to steal in 1915 when he was a student of sibpur Engineering College. He participated in the historical hunger strike in Midnapore Jail.He was released in 1920 but had to remain intern for many years. Later he joined in Non-Cooperation movement launched by Gandhiji in 1921.


Jatish Guha was born in Dhaka. he was a lawyer in Calcutta Court and was a revolutionary. Later he joined Forward Bloc. By 1934, most of the youth of resurgent Bengal was behind bars.No one of the calibre of of a leader was free. The youth power of Bengal had become stagnant and immobile. However, there were some exceptions, such as Jatish Guha, Sukumar Ghosh, Madhu Banerjee who had escaped after Deoghog incident. When Subhas Bose was inter in Calcutta, he helped him to escape from India. He was arrested in1942 and was in Delhi Jail. He died there due to extreme repression.  

607. Jatindramohan Roy , 608. Jatindramohan Sengupta (1885-1933)

Jatindramohan Roy was born in Goalanda, Faridpur. He was a revolutionary and a constructive worker of Congress. His name was sytruck off from roles of Rajshahi Govt. College for participating in politics. Later, he passed B.A. exam from that college in 1907. He established a constructive organisation named "ganamangal" in Bagura District of north Bengal where he used to serve as a teacher. With this organisation he tried to extend communal harmony, Cottage industry and education. By this he came in contact with Bagha Jatin and connected with revolutionary work. He was kept intern after the battle of Baleshwar. He was imprisoned for Non-cooperation movement (1921) and Salt Satyagraha (1930) for 1 and 1/2 years and two years for Quit india movement. He acted as President in bangiya Yuba Sammelan and Bishnupur (Bangiya Pradeshik ) Congress Sammelan. He contributed important role in Faridpur Congress also. He was a bachelor. His lefe style was very simple. He made threads with charka everyday and used to put on clothes made of Khaddar. He was called Jatinda by all.  At the end of his life he suffered a lot and died in the hospital of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine.  

Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
Commemorative stamp, 1985, India
Born	February 22, 1885
Died	July 23, 1933 (aged 48) Ranchi, Indian
Nationality	Indian
Occupation	Lawyer
Spouse(s)	Edith Ellen Gray (later known asNellie Sengupta)
Parents	Jatra Mohan Sengupta (father)

Jatindra Mohan Sengupta (1885–1933) was an Indian revolutionary against the British rule. Jatindra Mohan was arrested several times by the British police. In 1933, he died in a prison located in Ranchi, India.

As a student, he traveled to England to pursue the study of law. During his stay there, he met and married Edith Ellen Gray (later known as Nellie Sengupta). After returning to India, Jatindra Mohan started a legal practice. He also joined in Indian politics, becoming a member of the Indian National Congress and participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Eventually, he gave up his legal practice in favor of his political commitment.

Early life

Jatindra Mohan Sengupta was born on 22 February 1885 to a prominent, land-owner (Zamindar) family of Baramw , in Chittagong district of British India (now in Chittagong in Bangladesh). His father, Jatra Mohan Sengupta, was an advocate and a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.

Jatindra Mohan became a student of the Presidency College in Kolkata. After completing his university studies, Jatindra Mohan went to England to acquire a Bachelor's degree in Law. While in England, he met his future wife, Edith Ellen Gray (better known as Nellie Sengupta).

Career

After completing his education in England, Jatindra Mohan returned with his wife to India. After reaching India, he began practicing law as a barrister. In 1911, Jatindra Mohan represented Chittagong in the Bengal Provincial Conference at Faridpur. This was the beginning of his political career. Later, he joined the Indian National Congress. He also organized the employees of the Burma Oil Company to form a union.

In 1921, Jatindra Mohan became the Chairman of the Bengal Reception Committees of the Indian National Congress. That same year, during a strike at the Burma Oil Company, he was also serving as the secretary of the employees' union. Jatindra Mohan abandoned the practice of law due to his commitment to political work, particularly related to the Non-Cooperation Movement led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. In 1923, Jatindra Mohan was selected as a member of the Bengal Legislative Council.

In 1925, after the death of Chitta Ranjan Das, Jatindra Mohan was elected president of the Bengal Swaraj Party. He also became president of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee. From 10 April 1929 to 29 April 1930, Jatindra Mohan served as mayor of Calcutta. In March 1930, at a public meeting in Rangoon, he was arrested on charges of provoking people against the Government and opposing the India–Burma separation.

In 1931, Jatindra Mohan went to England to attend the Round Table Conference, supporting the position of the Indian National Congress.

Death

Because of his political activities, Jatindra Mohan was repeatedly arrested by the British police. In January 1932, he was arrested and detained in Poona and then in Darjeeling. Later, he was transferred to Ranchi. There, his health started to decline. On 23 July 1933, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta died while still in the Ranchi prison.

Influence

Because of his popularity and contribution to the Indian freedom movement, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta is affectionately remembered by people of Bengal with the honorific Deshpriya orDeshapriya, meaning "beloved of the country". In 1985, a postal stamp was issued by the Indian Government in memory of Jatindra Mohan and his wife, Nellie.

605. Jatindranath Bhattacharya (1895-1967), 606. Jatindranath Mukhopadhyay(1879-1915)

Jatindranath Bhattacharya was born in Faridpur. He was influenced by patriotic movement in his boyhood. He was inter in sea shore of Hatia from 1915-1919 and remained confined from 1924-1928. He became associated with Subhas Chandra Bose after the formation of Forward Bloc. He remained in jail during Quit India movement.

Jatindranath
Jatindranath Mukherjee, also known as Bagha Jatin
Born	7 December 1879 Kushtia, Bengal Presidency,British India
Died	10 September 1915 (aged 35) Balasore, Bengal Presidency, British India
Other names	Bagha Jatin
Movement	Indian Independence movement, Indo-German Conspiracy, Christmas Day plot

Bagha Jatin (Bāghā Jatin, lit: Tiger Jatin), born Jatindranath Mukherjee (Jotindrônāth Mukhōpaddhāē) (7 December 1879 – 10 September 1915) was a Bengali revolutionary philosopher against British rule.

He was the principal leader of the Yugantar party that was the central association of revolutionaries in Bengal. Having personally met the German Crown-Prince in Calcutta shortly before World War I, he obtained the promise of arms and ammunition from Germany; as such, he was responsible for the planned German Plot during World War I.

Another of his original contributions was the indoctrination of the Indian soldiers in various regiments in favour of an insurrection.

In 1925, Gandhi told Tegart that Jatin Mukherjee, generally referred to as "Bagha Jatin" (translated as Tiger Jatin), was "a divine personality". Little did he know that Tegart had once told his colleagues that if Jatin were an Englishman, then the English people would have built his statue next to Nelson's at Trafalgar Square. In his note to J.E. Francis of the India Office in 1926, he described Bengali revolutionaries as "the most selfless political workers in India".

Jatin was born to Sharatshashi and Umeshchandra Mukherjee in Kayagram, a village in the Kushtia subdivision of Nadia district in what is now Bangladesh. He grew up in his ancestral home at Sadhuhati, P.S. Rishkhali Jhenaidah until his father's death when Jatin was five years old. Well versed in Brahmanic studies, his father liked horses and was respected for the strength of his character. Sharatshashi settled in her parents' home in Kayagram with her husband and his elder sister Benodebala (or Vinodebala). A gifted poet, she was affectionate and stern in her method of raising her children. Familiar with the essays by contemporary thought leaders like Bankimchandra Chatterjee and Yogendra Vidyabhushan, she was aware of the social and political transformations of her times. Her brother Basantakumar Chatterjee taught and practised law, and counted among his clients the poet Rabindranath Tagore. Since the age of 14, Tagore had claimed in meetings organised by his family members equal rights for Indian citizens inside railway carriages and in public places. As Jatin grew older, he gained a reputation for physical bravery and great strength; charitable and cheerful by nature, he was fond of caricature and enacting mythological plays, himself playing the roles of god-loving characters like Prahlad, Dhruva, Hanuman, Râja Harish Chandra. He not only encouraged several playwrights to produce patriotic pieces for the urban stage, but also engaged village bards to spread nationalist fervour in the countryside. Jatin had a natural respect for the human creature, heedless of class or caste or religions. He carried for an aged Muslim villager a heavy bundle of fodder and, on reaching her hut, he shared with her the only platter of rice she had, and sent her some money every month.

Student in Calcutta

After passing the Entrance examination in 1895, Jatin joined the Calcutta Central College (now Khudiram Bose College), to study Fine Arts. At the same time, he took lessons in steno typing with Mr Atkinson: this is a new qualification opening possibilities of a coveted career. Soon he started visiting Swami Vivekananda, whose social thought, and especially his vision of a politically independent India – indispensable for the spiritual progress of humanity – had a great influence on Jatin. The Master taught him the art of conquering libido before raising a batch of young volunteers "with iron muscles and nerves of steel", to serve miserable compatriots during famines, epidemics and floods and running clubs for "man-making" in the context of a nation under foreign domination. They soon assisted Sister Nivedita, the Swami's Irish disciple, in this venture. According to J. E. Armstrong, Superintendent of the colonial Police, Jatin "owed his preeminent position in revolutionary circles, not only to his qualities of leadership, but in great measure to his reputation of being a Brahmachari with no thought beyond the revolutionary cause." Noticing his ardent desire to die for a cause, Swami Vivekananda sent Jatin to the Gymnasium of Ambu Guha where he himself had practised wrestling. Jatin met here, among others, Sachin Banerjee, son of Yogendra Vidyabhushan (a popular author of biographies like Mazzini and Garibaldi), who turned into Jatin's mentor. In 1900, his uncle Lalit Kumar married Vidyabhushan's daughter.

Fed up with the colonial system of education, Jatin left for Muzaffarpore in 1899, as secretary of barrister Pringle Kennedy, founder and editor of the Trihoot Courrier. He was impressed by this historian: through his editorials and from the Congress platform, he showed how urgent it was to have an Indian National Army and to react against the British squandering of Indian budget to safeguard their interests in China and elsewhere.

In 1900, Jatin married Indubala Banerjee of Kumarkhali upazila in Kushtia; they had four children: Atindra (1903–1906), Ashalata (1907–1976), Tejendra (1909–1989), and Birendra (1913–1991). Struck by Atindra’s death, Jatin, with his wife and sister, set out on a pilgrimage and recovered their inner peace by receiving initiation from the saint Bholanand Giri of Hardwar. Aware of his disciple’s revolutionary commitments, the holy man extended to him his full support. Upon returning to his native village Koya in March 1906, Jatin learned about the disturbing presence of a leopard in the vicinity; while reconnoitring in the nearby jungle, he came across a Royal Bengal tiger and fought hand-to-hand with it. Mortally wounded, he managed to strike with a Gorkha dagger (Khukuri) on the tiger's neck, killing it instantly. The famous surgeon of Calcutta, Lt-Colonel Suresh Sarbadhikari, "took upon himself the responsibility for curing the fatally wounded patient whose whole body had been poisoned by the tiger's nails."^[8] Impressed by Jatin's exemplary heroism, Dr Sarbadhikari published an article about Jatin in the English press. The Government of Bengal awarded him a silver shield with the scene of him killing the tiger engraved on it. The title 'Bagha', meaning 'Tiger' in both Bengali and Hindi, became associated with him since then.

Revolutionary activities

Several sources mention Jatin as being among the founders of the Anushilan Samiti in 1900, and as a pioneer in creating its branches in the districts. According to Daly's Report: "A secret meeting was held in Calcutta about the year 1900 [...] The meeting resolved to start secret societies with the object of assassinating officials and supporters of Government [...] One of the first to flourish was at Kushtea, in the Nadia district. This was organised by one Jotindra Nath Mukherjee [sic!].". Nixon reports further : "The earliest known attempts in Bengal to promote societies for political or semi-political ends are associated with the names of the late P. Mitter, Barrister-at-Law, Miss Saralabala Ghosal and a Japanese named Okakura. These activities commenced in Calcutta somewhere about the year 1900, and are said to have spread to many of the districts of Bengal and to have flourished particularly at Kushtia, where Jatindra Nath Mukharji [sic!] was leader." Bhavabhushan Mitra's written notes precise his presence along with Jatindra Nath during the first meeting. A branch of this organisation (Anushilan Samiti), was to be inaugurated in Dacca. In 1903, on meeting Sri Aurobindo at Yogendra Vidyabhushan's place, Jatin decides to collaborate with him and is said to have added to his programme the clause of winning over the Indian soldiers of the British regiments in favour of an insurrection. W. Sealy in his report on "Connections with Bihar and Orissa" notes that Jatin Mukherjee "a close confederate of Nani Gopal Sen Gupta of the Howrah Gang (...) worked directly under the orders of Aurobindo Ghosh."

In 1905, during a procession to celebrate the visit of the Prince of Wales at Calcutta, Jatin decides to draw the attention of the future Emperor on the behaviour of HM's English officers. Not far from the royal coach, he singles out a cabriolet on a side-lane, with a group of English military men sitting on its roof, their booted legs dangling against the windows, seriously disturbing the livid faces of a few native ladies. Stopping beside the cab, Jatin asks the fellows to leave the ladies alone. In response to their cheeky provocation, Jatin rushes up to the roof and fells them with pure Bengali slaps till they drop on the ground. The show is not innocent. Jatin is well aware that John Morley, the Secretary of State, receives regularly complaints about the English attitude towards Indian citizens, "The use of rough language and pretty free use of whips and sticks, and brutalities of that sort..." He will be further intimated that the Prince of Wales, "on his return from the Indian tour had a long conversation with Morley [10/5/1906] (...) He spoke of the ungracious bearing of Europeans to Indians."

Organiser of secret society

Jatin, together with Barindra Ghosh, set up a bomb factory near Deoghar, while Barin was to do the same at Maniktala in Calcutta. Whereas Jatin disapproved of all untimely terrorist action, Barin led an organisation centred around his own personality : his aim was, aside from the general production of terror, the elimination of certain Indian and British officers serving the Crown. Side by side, Jatin developed a decentralised federated body of loose autonomous regional cells. Organising relentless relief missions with a para medical body of volunteers following almost a military discipline, during natural calamities such as floods, epidemics, or religious congregations like the Ardhodaya and the Kumbha mela, or the annual celebration of Ramakrishna's birth, Jatin was suspected of utilising these as pretexts for group discussions with regional leaders and recruiting new freedom fighters to fight the supporters of the Britain.Political Trouble, p9. Also, "A Note on the Ramakrishna Mission" by Charles Tegart, in Terrorism, Vol. IV, pp 1364–66.

Duly appreciated for his professional competence, in 1907 Jatin was "sent to Darjeeling on some special work," for a period of three years. "From early youth he had the reputation of a local Sandow and he soon attracted attention in Darjeeling in cases in which (...) he tried to measure the strength with Europeans. In 1908 he was leader of one of several gangs that had sprung up in Darjeeling, whose object was the spreading of dissatisfaction, and with his associates he started a branch of the Anushilan Samiti, called the Bandhab Samiti."Report by W. Sealy, "Connections with the Revolutionary organisation in Bihar and Orissa, 1906–16", quoted in Two Great Indian Revolutionaries,[Two Great] pp 165–166.In April 1908, inSiliguri railway station, Jatin got involved in a fight with a group of English military officers headed by Captain Murphy and Lt Somerville, leading to legal proceedings, widely covered by the press.Notes by Bhavabhûshan. Also, The Statesman, 28 January 1910.On observing the gleeful animosity created by the news of a few Englishmen thrashed single-handed by an Indian, Wheeler advised the officers to withdraw the case. Warned by the Magistrate to behave properly in the future, Jatin regretted that he would not refrain from taking similar action in self-defence or in the vindication of the rights of his countrymen.Two Great, p. 166.One day, in a pleasant mood, Wheeler asked Jatin : "With how many can you fight all alone ?" The prompt reply was : "Not a single one, if it is a question of honest people; otherwise, as many as you can imagine!"Notes by Benodebala Devi.In 1908 Jatin was not one of over thirty revolutionaries accused in the Alipore Bomb Case following the incident at Muzaffarpur. Hence, during the Alipore trial, Jatin took over the leadership of the secret society to be known as the Jugantar Party, and revitalises the links between the central organisation in Calcutta and its several branches spread all over Bengal, Bihar, Odisha and several places inU.P..M.N. Roy's Memoirs p. 3.Through Justice Sarada Charan Mitra, Jatin leases from Sir Daniel Hamilton lands in the Sundarbans to shelter revolutionaries not yet arrested.:Atul Krishna Ghosh & Jatindranath Mukherjee founded PATHURIAGHATA BYAM SAMITY which was n important centre os armed revolution of Indian national movement. They are engaged in night schools for adults, homoeopathic dispensaries, workshops to encourage small scale cottage industries, experiments in agriculture. Since 1906, with the help of Sir Daniel, Jatin had been sending meritorious students abroad for higher studies as well as for learning military craft.First Spark of Revolution by Arun Chandra Guha,a militant under Jatin,[First Spark] Orient Longman, 1971, p. 161; biplabi jîbaner smriti [abbr. biplabi] by Jadugopal Mukhopadhyay, 1982 (2nd Ed.), pp 282–283.

The Jatin Mukherjee Spirit

Repressive measures in series were introduced to quench the rising sedition since the agitations against the Partition of Bengal in 1905. Protesting against these repressions and organising the defence of the militants under trial in the Alipore Case, Jatin issued a series of dazzling actions of daring and desperate self-sacrifice in Calcutta and in the districts "to revive the confidence of the people in the movement. These brought him into the limelight of revolutionary leadership although hardly anybody outside the innermost circle ever suspected his connection with those acts. Secrecy was absolute in those days – particularly with Jatin." Almost contemporaneous with the anarchist gang of Bonnot well known in France, Jatin invented and introduced in India bank robbery on automobile taxi-cabs, " a new feature in revolutionary crime. " Several outrages were committed : for instance, in 1908, on 2 June and 29 November; an attempt to assassinate the Lt Governor of Bengal on 7 November 1908; in 1909, on 27 February 23 April, 16 August 24 September and 28 October; two assassinations – of the Prosecutor Ashutosh Biswas (on 10 February 1909) and the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Samsul Alam (on 24 January 1910): both these officers had been determined to get all the accused condemned. Arrested, outwitted by the Police, Biren Datta-Gupta, the latter's assassin, disclosed Jatin's name as his leader.

On 25 January 1910, "with the gloom of his assassination hanging over everyone", the Viceroy Minto declared openly : "A spirit hitherto unknown to India has come into existence (...), a spirit of anarchy and lawlessness which seeks to subvert not only British rule but the Governments of Indian chiefs..."^[18] On 27 January 1910, Jatin was arrested in connection with this murder, but was released, to be immediately re-arrested along with forty-six others in connection with the Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case, popularly known as the Howrah Gang Case. The major charge against Jatin Mukherjee and his party during the trial (1910–1911) was "conspiracy to wage war against the King-Emperor" and "tampering with the loyalty of the Indian soldiers" (mainly with the 10th Jats Regiment) posted in Fort William, and soldiers in Upper Indian Cantonments.^[19] While held in Howrah jail, awaiting trial, Jatin made contact with a few fellow prisoners, prominent revolutionaries belonging to various groups operating in different parts of Bengal, who were all accused in this case. He was also informed by his emissaries abroad that very soon Germany was to declare war against England. Jatin counted heavily on this war to organise an armed uprising along with Indian soldiers in various regiments.

The Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case

The case failed because of lack of proper evidence thanks to Jatin's policy of a loose decentralised organisation federating scores of regional units, as observed by F.C. Daly more than once: "The gang is a heterogeneous one, with several advisers and petty chiefs... From information we have on record we may divide the gang into four parts: (1) Gurus, (2) Influential supporters, (3) Leaders, (4) Members." J.C. Nixon's report is more explicit : "Although a separate name and a separate individuality have been given to these various parties in this account of them, and although such a distinction was probably observed amongst the minor members, it is very clear that the bigger figures were in close communication with one another and were frequently accepted members of two or more of these samitis. It may be taken that at some time these various parties were engaged in anarchical crime independently, although in their revolutionary aims and usually in their origins they were all very closely related." Several observers pinpointed Jatin so accurately that the newly appointed Viceroy Lord Hardinge wrote more explicitly to Earl Crewe (H.M.'s Secretary of State for India): "As regards prosecution, I (...) deprecate the net being thrown so wide; as for example in the Howrah Gang Case, where 47 persons are being prosecuted, of whom only one is, I believe, the real criminal. If a concentrated effort had been made to convict this one criminal, I think it would have had a better effect than the prosecution of 46 misguided youths." On 28 May 1911, Hardinge recognised : "The 10th Jats case was part and parcel of the Howrah Gang Case; and with the failure in the latter, the Government of Bengal realised the futility of proceeding with the former... In fact, nothing could be worse, in my opinion, than the condition of Bengal and Eastern Bengal. There is practically no Government in either province..."

Bagha Jatin in 1910

A new perspective

Jatin Mukherjee was not involved in the Alipore Bomb case. Jatin was acquitted in February 1911 and released. Immediately, he suspended terrorism. This lull proved Jatin's full command of violence as an antidote, contrary to the Chauri Chaura fiasco after him. During the German Crown Prince's visit to Calcutta, Jatin met him and received a promise about arms supply. Having lost his government job – and home interned -, he managed to leave Calcutta, to start a contract business constructing the Jessore–Jhenaidah railway line. This provided him with a valid pretext and an ample scope to move about on horse-back or on bicycle to consolidate not only the district units in Bengal, but also to revitalise those in other provinces. Jatin with his family set out on a pilgrimage, and at Haridwar visited his Guru, Bholananda Giri. Jatin went on to Brindavan where he met Swami Niralamba (who had been Jatindra Nath Banerjee, the renowned revolutionary, before leading a sanyasi's life); he had continued preaching in North India Sri Aurobindo's doctrine of a revolution.

Niralamba gave Jatin complementary information about, and links to, the units set up by him in Uttar Pradesh and the Punjab. An important part of revolutionary activities in these regions were led by Rasbehari Bose and his associate Lala Hardayal. On returning from his pilgrimage, Jatin started reorganising Jugantar accordingly. During the Damodar flood in 1913, mainly in the districts of Burdwan and Midnapore, relief work brought together leaders of various groups : Jatin "never asserted his leadership, but the party members in the different districts acclaimed him as their leader."

Drawn by Jatin's relief work during the flood, Rasbehari Bose left Benares to join him : the contact with Jatin added a new impulse to Bose's revolutionary zeal : in Jatin, he discovered "a real leader of men"^[26] At the close of 1913, Bose met Jatin to discuss the possibilities of an All-India armed rising of 1857 type. Impressed by Jatin's "fiery energy and personality", Bose renewed negotiation with the native officers posted at the Fort William of Calcutta, the nerve centre of the various regiments of the colonial Army, before returning to Benares "to organise the scattered forces."

There were also attempts to organise expatriate Indian revolutionaries in Europe and the United States. Jatin's influence was international. The Bengali best seller Dhan Gopal Mukerji, settled in New York and, at the summit of his glory, was to write : "Before 1914 we succeeded in disturbing the equilibrium of the government... Then extraordinary powers were given to the police, who called us anarchists to prejudice us forever in the eyes of the world... Dost thou remember Jyotin, our cousin – he that once killed a leopard with a dagger, putting his left elbow in the leopard's mouth and with his right hand thrusting the knife through the brute's eye deep into its brain ? He was a very great man and our first leader. He could think of God ten days at a stretch, but he was doomed when the Government found out that he was our head."

Right since 1907, Jatin's emissary, Taraknath Das had been organising, with Guran Ditt Kumar and Surendramohan Bose, evening schools for Indian immigrants (a majority of them Hindus and Sikhs) between Vancouver and San Francisco, through Seattle and Portland : in addition to learning how to read and write simple English, they were informed about their rights in the USA and their duty towards Mother India : two periodicals – Free Hindustan (In English, sponsored by local Irish revolutionaries) and Swadesh Sevak ('Servants of the Motherland', in Gurumukhi) – became increasingly popular. In regular contact with Calcutta and London (where the organisation was managed by Shyamji Krishnavarma), Das wrote regularly to personalities throughout the world (like Leo Tolstoy and Éamon de Valera). In May 1913, Kumar left for Manilla to create a satellite linking Asia with the American West coast. Familiar with the doctrine of Sri Aurobindo and an erstwhile follower of Rasbehari Bose, in 1913, invited by Das, Har Dayal resigned from his teaching job at the University of Berkeley, coaxed by Jiten Lahiri (one of Jatin's emissaries) of wasting his time in daydreaming, Har Dayal set out on a lecture tour covering the major centres of Indian immigrants; enlivened by their ardent patriotism, he preached open revolt against the English rulers of India. Welcomed by the Indian militants of San Francisco, in November, he founded his journalGhadar ('Revolt') and the Yugantar Ashram, as a tribute to Sri Aurobindo. The Sikh community also became involved in the movement.

During World War I

Shortly after when World War I broke out, in September 1914, an International Pro-India Committee was formed at Zürich. Very soon it merges into a bigger body, to form the Berlin Committee, or the Indian Independence Party, led by Virendranath Chattopadhyaya alias Chatto : it gained the support of the German government and had as members prominent Indian revolutionaries abroad, including leaders of the Ghadar Party. Militants of the Ghadar Party started leaving for India, to join the proposed uprising inside India during World War I, with the help of arms, ammunition, and funds promised by the German government. Advised by Berlin, Ambassador Bernstorff in Washington arranged with Von Papen, his military attaché, to send cargo consignments from California to the coast of the Bay of Bengal, via Far East.

These efforts were directly connected with the Jugantar, under Jatin's leadership, in its planning and organising an armed revolt. Ras Behari Bose assumed the task of carrying out the plan in Uttar Pradesh and the Punjab. This international chain work conceived by Jatin came to be known as the German Plot, the Hindu–German Conspiracy, or the Zimmermann Plan. Jugantar started to collect funds by organising a series of dacoities (armed robberies) known as "Taxicab dacoities" and "Boat dacoities". Charles Tegart, in his "Report No. V" on the seditious organisations mentions the "certain amount of success" in the contact that exists between the revolutionaries and the Sikh soldiers posted at Dakshineshwar gunpowder magazine; Jatin Mukherjee in company of Satyendra Sen was seen interviewing these Sikhs. Sen "is the man who came to India with Pingle. Their mission was specially to tamper with the troops. Pingle was captured in the Punjab with bombs and was hanged, while Satyen was interned under Regulation III in the Presidency Jail."^] With Jatin's written instructions, Pingle and Kartar Singh Sarabha met Rasbehari in North India.

Preoccupied by the increasing police activities to prevent any uprising, eminent Jugantar members suggested that Jatin should move to a safer place. Balasore on the Odisha coast was selected as a suitable place, being very near the spot where German arms are to be landed for the Indian rising. To facilitate transmission of information to Jatin, a business house under the name "Universal Emporium" was set up, as a branch of Harry & Sons in Calcutta, which had been created for keeping contacts with revolutionaries abroad. Jatin therefore moved to a hideout outside Kaptipada village in the native state of Mayurbhanj, more than thirty miles away from Balasore.

On reaching Odisha, in April 1915, Jatin sent one of his close associates, Naren Bhattacharya (future M. N. Roy) to Batavia, following instructions from Chatto, to make a deal with the German authorities concerning financial aid and the supply of arms. Through the German Consul, Naren met Theodore, brother of Karl Helfferich, who assured him that a cargo of arms and ammunition was already on its way, "to assist the Indians in a revolution."

The Czech interlude

The plot leaked out through Czech revolutionaries who were in touch with their counterparts in the United States.^[33] In the beginning of World War I, in 1915, Emanuel Viktor Voskaorganised the minority of Czech patriots in USA into a network of counter-espionage, putting up to date the spying activity of the German and Austrian diplomats against USA and the Entente powers. (He described these events later in his book Spy and Counter-Spy.) American publicist of Czech origin Ross Hedvíček claims^[34] that had E. V. Voska not interfered in this history, today nobody would have heard about Mahatma Gandhi and the father of the Indian nation would have been Bagha Jatin. B. Jatin wanted to free India from the British hold but he had the idea of allying against them with the Germans from whom he expected to receive arms and other helps. Voska learnt it through his network and, as pro-American, pro-British and anti-German, he spoke of it to T. G. Masaryk. This latter rushed to keep the institutions informed about it. Thus, Voska transmitted it to Masaryk, Masaryk to the Americans, the Americans to the British. T. G. Masaryk mentions all these facts in the English version of the Making of a State.

Jatin's death

As soon as the information reached the British authorities, they alerted the police, particularly in the delta region of the Ganges, and sealed off all the sea approaches on the eastern coast from the Noakhali–Chittagong side to Odisha. Harry & Sons was raided and searched, and the police found a clue which led them to Kaptipada village, where Jatin was staying with Manoranjan Sengupta and Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri; a unit of the Police Intelligence Department was dispatched to Balasore.

Jatin was kept informed and was requested to leave his hiding place, but his insistence on taking Niren and Jatish with him delayed his departure by a few hours, by which time a large force of police, headed by top European officers from Calcutta and Balasore, reinforced by the army unit from Chandbali in Mayurbhanj State, had reached the neighbourhood. Jatin and his companions walked through the forests and hills of Mayurbhanj, and after two days reached Balasore Railway Station.

The police had announced a reward for the capture of five fleeing "bandits", so the local villagers were also in pursuit. With occasional skirmishes, the revolutionaries, running through jungles and marshy land in torrential rain, finally took up position on 9 September 1915 in an improvised trench in undergrowth on a hillock at Chashakhand in Balasore. Chittapriya and his companions asked Jatin to leave and go to safety while they guarded the rear. Jatin, however refused to leave them.

The contingent of Government forces approached them in a pincers movement. A gunfight ensued, lasting seventy-five minutes, between the five revolutionaries armed with Mauserpistols and a large number of police and army armed with modern rifles. It ended with an unrecorded number of casualties on the Government side; on the revolutionary side, Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri died, Jatin and Jatish were seriously wounded, and Manoranjan Sengupta and Niren were captured after their ammunition ran out. Bagha Jatin died in Balasore hospital on 10 September 1915. Ross Hedvíček observes in the article already mentioned: "India had to wait for another thirty years to have her democracy... Mahatma Gandhi was as yet in South Africa." During a conversation with Charles Tegart on 25 June 1925, Gandhiji qualified Jatin Mukherjee as "a divine man." And the author of the article (son of an officer in the Special Police created by Tegart) adds that Gandhiji did not know what Tegart told his colleagues: "Had Jatin Mukherjee been an Englishman, the English would have erected his statue at Trafalgar Square, by the side of Nelson's."

Legacy of Jatin Mukherjee

Inspired by Swami Vivekananda, Jatin expressed his ideals in simple words: "Amra morbo, jagat jagbe" — "We shall die to awaken the nation". It is corroborated in the tribute paid to Jatin by Charles Tegart, the Intelligence Chief and Police Commissioner of Bengal  : "Though I had to do my duty, I have a great admiration for him. He died in an open fight."Later in life, Tegart admitted : "Their driving power (...) immense: if the army could be raised or the arms could reach an Indian port, the British would lose the War".^[40] Professor Tripathi analysed the added dimensions revealed by the Howrah Case proceedings: acquire arms locally and abroad; raise a guerrilla; create a rising with Indian soldiers; Jatin Mukherjee's action helped improve (especially economically) the people's status. "He had indeed an ambitious dream."

Informed about his Jatin Da's death, M.N. Roy wrote: "I could not forget the injunction of the only man I ever obeyed almost blindly[...] JatinDa's heroic death [...] must be avenged. Only a year had passed since then. But in the meantime I had come to realise that I admired JatinDa because he personified, perhaps without himself knowing it, the best of mankind. The corollary to that realisation was that Jatinda's death would be avenged if I worked for the ideal of establishing a social order in which the best in man could be manifest."

The locality of Baghajatin in Kolkata has been named after him.