561. Mahendralal Biswas , 562. Mahesh Chandra Barua (1908-1938), 563. Mahesh Sarkar (1900-1945), 564. Maheswar Maity

Mahendralal Biswas was born in Chittagong. After the incidence of Chittagong Armoury Raid his house became the centre of the revolutionaries.His two sons Suresh and Bimal joined in the revolutionary organisation. He was arrested in 1936 for helping the revolutionary works.He became martyr in the jail by fasting unto death.



Mahesh Chandra Barua (1908-1938) was born in Chittagong. He participated in Civil disobedience movement in 1921 and 1930. He was a member of secret revolutionary organisation.He nwas convicted in Bathua Political Dacoity in 1933 and was sentenced to life long imprisonment . He was shifted to Andaman Cellular Jail. He was transferred to Rajshahi central jail in 1936 where he expired.


Mahesh Sarkar joined in Non-cooperation movement in 1921. He participated in peasants and Labour Conference in Calcutta in 1928.He became victorious in movement against the king of Chanchal in 1938. he was one of the founder of Maldah Communist Party.

Maheswar Maity was born in Midnapore. He Participated in Civil Disobedience movement in 1921.He died by the police bullet while picketing against security tax at Khirai.

559. Mahendralal Barua, 560. Mahendralal Bandyopadhyay (1905-1980)

Mahendralal Barua was born in Chittagong.He was arrested on 1.11.1931 and remained in Chittagong jail and Hijli jail. He was released in 1938 and he devoted himself to the Social work. He was the secretary of Bengal Intellectual Society.


Mahendralal Bandyopadhyay was born in Barisal. He was an important member of Jugantar and was a musician. He left his school and joined freedom movement of India. He joined Saraswati Press and came in contact with the revolutionaries like Manoranjan Gupta and Arun Guha. At the instructionof the leaders he got himself admitted in Medical School of Mymensingh.But he was arrested before he could finish his studies in Medical College. He was involved in the preparation ob bombs and other amenities for assassination of notorious Police Commissioner, Charles Tregart. He was confined in different jails from 1930-38. He performed vocal patriotic songs in different different meetings of Congress.

558.Mahendra Pratap Singh (1886-1979)

Raja Mahendra Pratap Singh (December 1, 1886 – April 29, 1979) was a Hindu freedom fighter, journalist, writer,and Marxist revolutionary social reformist of India. He was popularly known as the Aryan Peshwa.

Pratap was born to the Thenua gotra Jat Hindu "princely family of state of Mursan in the Hathras District of Uttar Pradesh" on December 1, 1886. He was the third son of RajaGhanshyam Singh. At the age of three, Raja Harnarayan Singh of Hathras adopted him as his son.^[1] He was married to a Jat Sikh family of Jind princely state of Haryana (then inPunjab) in 1902 while studying in college. She died in 1925. He was born in Mursun, Aligarh.

Education

In 1895 Pratap was admitted to the Government High School in Aligarh, but soon he switched over to the Muslim Anglo-Oriental Collegiate School. Here he received his education under British Headmasters and Muslim teachers all from Mohammedan Anglo Oriental College Aligarh founded by Sir Sayed Ahmad Khan. With this background he shaped into a true representative of secular society. To bring India to a par with European countries, Pratap established the free indigenous technical institute ‘Prem Mahavidyalaya’ in his palace atVrindavan on May 24, 1909.

Freedom movement

In spite of objections from his father-in-law, Pratap went to Kolkata in 1906 to attend the Congress session, and met several leaders involved in the Swadeshi movement, deciding to promote small industries with indigenous goods and local artisans. He was very much against social evils, especially untouchability. To eliminate this evil he dined with a Tamata family of Almora in 1911, and a Mehtar  family of Agra in 1912. He was influenced by the speeches of Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Maharaja Baroda, and Bipin Chandra Pal, helping to make him a patriot who turned Swadeshi. He started the movement to burn the foreign-made clothes in his state.

After trying sincerely to liberate his motherland, on December 20, 1914 at the age of 28 Pratap left India for the third time, with a desire to liberate India from the clutches of British colonial rule by obtaining outside support.

In January 1915 on learning about his presence in Switzerland, Chatto alias Virendranath Chattopadhyay of the newly founded Berlin Committee (Deutsche Verein der Freunde Indien) requested Von Zimmermann of the German foreign ministry to get Pratap invited to Berlin. Already Chatto had sent a first mission to Afghanistan led by the Parsi revolutionary Dada Chanji Kersasp.

Informed about Chatto's activities from Shyamji Krishnavarma and Lala Hardayal, Pratap insisted on meeting the Kaiser Wilhelm II personally; Chatto rushed to Geneva to tell Pratap of the Kaiser's eagerness to see him, and they went to Berlin together. Har Dayal, too, followed them. Decorating Pratap with the Order of the Red Eagle, the Kaiser showed his awareness of the strategic position of the Phulkian States (Jind, Patiala and Nabha), if India was invaded through the Afghan frontier.

According to Pratap's wish, he was taken to a military camp near the Polish border to gain a firsthand knowledge of army policies and functioning. On 10 April 1915 accompanied by the German diplomat Von Hentig, Maulavi Barkatullah and a few other members, Pratap left Berlin, with due credentials from the Kaiser.

In Vienna the delegation met the Khedive of Egypt who during a conversation with Pratap expressed his desire to see the end of the British Empire. On their way, in Turkey they had an excellent visit with Enver Pasha, son-in-law of the Sultan and Defense Minister, who appointed a trusted military officer to guide them. They were received by Rauf Bey with a detachment of 2000 soldiers at Ispahan. They reached Kabul on 2 October and were greeted by Habibullah, having a number of discussions.

Provisional Government of India

On December 1, 1915 during World War I (his 28th birthday) Pratap established the first Provisional Government of India at Kabul in Afghanistan as a Muslim government-in-exile ofFree Hindustan, with himself as President, Maulavi Barkatullah as Prime Minister, and Maulavi Abaidullah Sindhi as Home Minister, declaring jihad on the British. Anti-British forces supported his movement, but because of obvious loyalty to the British, the Amir kept on delaying the expedition to overthrow British rule in India.

Due to his revolutionary ideas Pratap had a good relationship with Lenin, who invited him to Russia after its liberation and welcomed him. By this time he had become a real threat to British rule in India, and the British Government of India put a bounty on his head, attacked his entire estate, and declared him a fugitive, causing him to flee to Japan in 1925.

In Japan

In Japan he published the ‘World Federation Monthly Magazine’ in 1929, trying his best to utilize the world war situations to free India. During Second World War he stayed at Tokyo in Japan and continued his movement from ‘World Federation Centre’ to free India from British rule. He formed the Executive Board of India in Japan in 1940 during Second World War. At last the British government relented and Raja Mahendra Pratap was permitted to come to India from Tokyo with respect. He was also nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1932.

Back to India

He returned to India after 32 years on the ship ‘City of Paris’, and landed at Madras on 9 August 1946. On reaching India he immediately rushed to Wardha to meet Mahatma Gandhi.

After independence also he continued his struggle for transfer of power to the common man. His vision was that the Panchayat Raj was the only tool which can put real power in the hands of people and reduce corruption and bureaucratic hurdles. He was the member of the second Lok Sabha in 1957-1962. He was elected as an independent candidatefrom Mathura constituency. He was president of Indian Freedom Fighters’ Association. He was president of All India Jat Mahasabha also.

He died on 29 April 1979.

556. Mahendranath Datta (1899-1987), 557. Mahendranath Roy

Mahendranath Dutt was born in Barisal.He was a famous person in the field of Printing Technology and of publishing books. While he was reading in Barisal Brajamohan College, Prince of Wales came to India on 17.11.1921. He along with four other young activist burnt the British flag with Union Jack. For which he was jailed for 14 months.He was sailing books on behalf of  Congress. He was released from jail in 1923 when he became penniless. At that time he, at the inspiration of the founder of Sraswati Press, Arun Chandra Guha, joined the press and used to do all works of the press with his own hands. Late he stayed in a Mess in Beniatola Lane as a room met of Martyr Gopinath Saha and Anuja Sen. He was arrested in 1932 and remained in alipur Central jail, Baxu and deuli jail for 6 years. After being released in 1938, he again joined in job of the Press.He established a publishing concern in the "Sishu Sahitya Sangsad in 1951 and was in charge of the Publishing Concern till his death.He established a free medical hospital in his house in 1976.



 Mahendranath Roy was jailed with RI at the Machuabazar Bomb Case but was released by appeal in the court.He was again arrested in 1930 was held in Deuli Jail of Rajasthan in 1930. He died in the prison.

554. Mahinder Singh , 555. Mahim Chandra Dasgupta (1882-1938)

Netaji Subhas Chandra Basu sent some of the revolutionaries from Indian Independence League to India to organise revolution within India on 13th March, 1942. Almost all of them was caught by the police and many of them were hanged till death.
On 10th Sept 1943, Mahinder Singh along with Tribankur Abdul kader, Satyendra Chandra bardhan,S.A.Anand, Fauza Singh were hanged in Madras Penitentiary.
Dr. Pabitra Sarkar, Amrita Singh, and their associates Haridas Mitra and Jyotish Chandra Basu were ordered to be hanged but by the intervention of Gandhiji they were released without any punishment by the interim Government.



Mahim Chandra Dasgupta was born in Noakhali.He was a physician.Being inspired by Gandhiji he joined Congress He took an exceptional role in Non-cooperation movement in 1921.He was secretary of Chittagong Congress Committee at that time. He was an assistant of Jatindramohan Sengupta to organise trade union.Inspite of all opposition it was only because of him, Surya Sen became the secretary of Chittagong Congress in 1928.He gave shelter to the revolutionaries of Chittagong Armoury Raid. For this he and the members of his family had to suffer from police harassment.

552. Mahadev Sarkar (1909-1978), 553. Mahabir Singh Rathore

Mahadev Sarkar was born in Nadia. He passed LLB exam. while he was in jail. He joined revolutionary Party at the age of 12 years. He lost his right hand when he had gone to prepare bomb at the age of 14.He suffered 2 years jail in 1924-25 in connection with Dakhineshwar Bomb case and revolutionary conspiracies. He also suffered 1 and 1/2 years jail for a historical uprising
( Krishnanagar College)and activities against the King in 1927. He again suffered 8 years imprisonment  suspecting participation in Salt Satyagraha and Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930.He participated in a n important capacity in 1942 movement. He formed a committee in 1946 to motivate against the Riot and moved from door to door. He left the Congress in the same year. His main works are "Akash Maati" and "Kanna Holo Gaan". He remained unmarried through out his life.


Mahabir Singh Rathore was convicted in Lahore Conspiracy case.He sacrificed his life by hunger strike on 18th May 1933, protesting against the oppression in Andaman Jail.

551. Mahadev Desai (1892-1942)

Mahadev Desai

Gandhiji made many men and they in their turn made the Mahatma what he was. One of these was Mahadev Desai who worked as Gandhiji's secretary for 25 years with unmatched devotion and affection.

He was born on 1 January 1892 at the Village of Saras in Olpad Taluka of Surat district, where his father Haribhai Desai was a school teacher. The family originally hailed from Dihen in the same district. Mahadev lost his mother Jamnaben when he was only seven years of age.
The family belonged to the Anavil Brahmin caste, one of the leading communities of the district. A keen mathematician and an avid reader of Gujarati literature, Hirabhai had great fascination for the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Bhagvat Gita, and by sheer hard work and sincerity he rose to become the Principal of a Women's Training College at Ahmedabad. Mahadev too inherited many of his father's qualities. At the young age of 13 Mahadev was married to Durgaben in 1905 and later the couple had one son, Narayan.
Mahadev Desai received primary and secondary education at different places like Surat , from where he matriculated in 1906, winning a scholarship for higher education. He joined the Elphinstone College at Bombay in 107 and graduated from there in 1910. He joined the Law College thereafter and got his LL.B in 1913. Throughout this formative period, he was deeply influenced by his teacher at Dihen, Manishankar, a strict disciplinarian and a lover of English language; by Jivanram Vaidya, recounting stories from the Puranas and Upanishads; and by Surbhai, the village doctor, and his musical sessions.
The ardent devotion of Bhagat Purshottam Sevakram at Bulsar and that of Arjun bhagat at Ghadkhol near Ankleshwar (whose compositions he latter collected and published in 1925), also left a deep impression on Mahadev Desai. Moreover, Dayalji Desai, of his own caste and a prominent nationalist leader of the district, left a marked imprint on Mahadev's young mind by his patriotic feelings, idealistic way of life and utter simplicity, and inspired him to work on Gandhan lines.
After graduation Mahadev, while working for his livelihood, translated Lord Morley's 'On Compromise' into Gujarati and won the hand some prize of a thousand rupees. This work was later published in 1925. He tried to practice law in courts but was not successful, and through his friend Vaikunthlal Lallubhai Mehta secured a job in a Cooperative Bank. But Mahadev soon got tired of the irregularities being practiced there as well as a lot of traveling involved in the job, and left it.
He had already cultivated a taste for reading since his College days, and all through this drab life he made an extensive study of literature in Gujarati, English, Sanskrit, Bengali, Hindi and Marathi. The month of August 1917, when Mahadev left Bank job, proved fateful, as he met Gandhiji on 31 August and found in him his Guru. Hereafter Mahadev as Gandhiji's Secretary moved like a shadow behind him till his death.
After Mahadev Desai joined Gandhiji, three important events took place in their life as well as that of the country. These were the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), the Bardoli Satyagraha (1930), and in all these Mahadev actively participated and courted arrest. In 1921 Gandhiji sent him to edit Motilal Nehru's periodical, the Independent, Allahabad , and there too he was arrested and jailed. After his release in January 1923, he returned to Ahemdabad and looked after the editorial work of the Navajivan.
His sharp editorials on the hollowness of 1919 constitutional reforms and his tirade against the British Government kept up the tempo of the freedom struggle. Between 1924 and 1928 he toured the country with Gandhiji, explaining the sailent features of the freedom striggle. He accompanied Gandhiji in 1931 to the Round Table Conference in London . In the Quit India Movement of 1942, he along with Gandhiji was arrested and sent to the Aga Khan Palace for imprisonment, where he died peacefully on 15 August 1942, deeply mourned by the nation and by Gandhiji in particular who now considered himself an orphan.
After 1917 it was of course Gandhiji who profoundly influenced Mahadev Desai. Mainly through his writings Mahadevbhai interpreted Gandhian philosophy. That is why his friend Dr. Verrier Elwin called him "Bapu's Boswell". Learned introduction to the English translation of Gandhiji's 'Anassakti Yoga' not only reveals Gandhiji's ideas but his own understanding of Eastern and Western philosophies and religions. He also very effectively wielded his pen to explain some of the basic Gandhian tenets like Hindu-Muslim unity, removal of untouchability, improving the lot of women, promotion of Khaddar and cottage industries, labour welfare, need for basic Education, freedom for suppressed nationalities and Truth and Non-violence.
He has to his credit scores of articles published in the Young India, the Navjivan and the harijan on a variety of subjects from 'Garud-Puran' to the British policy in India . Due to his profound scholarship, clarity of mind, lucid style and chaste language, they carried great weight. His habit of keeping a diary with meticulous details has given eight voluminous works, published after his death, called 'Mahadevbhai's Diary'.
His original works either in English or in Gujrati include: 'With Gandhi in Ceylon' (1928); 'The Story of Baardoli'; 'Swadeshi-True and False'; Unworthy of Wardha'; 'Eclipse of Faith' (1929); 'The Nation's Voice' (1932); 'The Epic of Travanancore' (1937); 'Gandhi Sevva Sangh' and 'Maulana Abul Kalam Azad' (1940); 'kheti ni Jamin' (Gujarati,1942); and 'The Geeta according to Gandhi' 1942); and 'The Geeta according to Gandhi' (1946).
His other Gujarathi works are on 'Veer Vallabhbhai', a biography of Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan in 'Khudai Khidmatgar', 'Ek Dharmayuddha' and 'Sant Francis Xavier nun Jeevancharitra'. His translation include those from English and Bengali: 'Satyagrah ni Maryada' (a translation of Morley's 'On Compromise'), Sarat Chandra Chattopadhaya's 'Viraj Vahu', and Rabindranath Tagore's 'Prachin Sahitya', 'Chitrangada' and 'Viday abhishap'. Mahadev desai presided over the twelfth Gujarati Journalists' Conference.
Devdas Gandhi is recorded to have said, "I wonder if half a dozen sectaries could do the work which Mahadev did alone." Today, Mahadev Desai Samaj Mahavidyalaya in Gujrath Vidyapith, Ahmedbad, stands as a living monument to Mahadevbhai's memory.

549. Mafizar Rahman (1915-1998), 550. Maulana Muhammad Ali (1878-1931)

Mafizar Rahman was born in Akkelpur, Bagura District. He joined in revolutionary organisation in his student life under the influence of Khitish Dev, a teacher of the revolutionary organisation.He was imprisoned for 18 months after the dacoity of Hili. He remained absconded in Deoli-Baxer jail. During imprisonment he came in contact with the Communists and was influenced in Marxism.He began to work in Communist Party since 1942-1943. Later he worked in Nap.He  came in contact with Muzaffar Ahmed, Abdul Halim, Abdur Rezzak etc. He opposed the movement for Pakistan. He passed a end of his life in a wretched condition.

Mohammad Ali Jouhar (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931) was an Indian Muslim leader, activist, scholar, journalist and poet, and was among the leading figures of the Khilafat Movement.

He was the sixth Muslim to become the President of Indian National Congress( At Kakinada—1923 ) and it lasted only for few months. He was one of the founders of the All-India Muslim League and he was also the former president of the All India Muslim League.

Early life

Mohammad Ali, also known as Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar  was born in 1878 in Rampur (UP), India. He was the brother of Maulana Shoukat Ali andZulfiqar Ali. Despite the early death of his father, Jouhar attended the Darul Uloom Deoband, Aligarh Muslim University and, in 1898, Lincoln College, Oxford University, studying modern history.

Upon his return to India, he served as education director for the Rampur state, and later joined the Baroda civil service. He became a writer and orator, contributing to major English and Indian newspapers, in both English and Urdu. He launched the Urdu weekly Hamdard and English The Comrade in 1911. He moved to Delhi in 1913.

Jouhar worked hard to expand the AMU, then known as the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College, and was one of the co-founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920, which was later moved to Delhi.

Khilafat and political activities

Jouhar had attended the founding meeting of the All India Muslim League in Dhaka in 1906, and served as its president in 1918. He remained active in the League till 1928.

He represented the Muslim delegation that travelled to England in 1919 in order to convince the British government to influence the Turkish nationalist Mustafa Kemal not to depose theSultan of Turkey, who was the Caliph of Islam. British rejection of their demands resulted in the formation of the Khilafat committee which directed Muslims all over India to protest and boycott the government.

Now accorded the respectful title of Maulana, Ali formed in 1921, a broad coalition with Muslim nationalists like Shaukat Ali, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansariand Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi, who enlisted the support of the Indian National Congress and many thousands of Hindus, who joined the Muslims in a demonstration of unity. Jouhar also wholeheartedly supported Gandhi's call for a national civil resistance movement, and inspired many hundreds of protests and strikes all over India. He was arrested by British authorities and imprisoned for two years for what was termed as a seditious speech at the meeting of the Khilafat Conference.

He was elected as President of Indian National Congress in 1923.

Alienation from Congress

Jouhar was however, disillusioned by the failure of the Khilafat movement and Gandhi's suspension of non-cooperation in 1922, owing to the Chauri Chaura incident.

He restarted his weekly Hamdard, and left the Congress Party. He opposed the Nehru Report, which was a document proposing constitutional reforms and a dominion status of an independent nation within the British Empire, written by a committee of Hindu and Muslim members of the Congress Party headed by President Motilal Nehru. It was a major protest against the Simon Commission which had arrived in India to propose reforms but containing no Indian nor making any effort to listen to Indian voices. Mohammad Ali was in jail. So All Parties Conference on Nehru report was represented by Shaukat Ali, Begum Mohammad Ali and 30 other members of Central Khilafat Committee which included Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Azad Subhani, Dr.Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, Abul Mohasin Mohammad Sajjad and others. Mohammad Ali opposed the Nehru Report's rejection of separate electorates for Muslims, and supported the Fourteen Points of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the League. He became a critic of Gandhi, breaking with fellow Muslim leaders like Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan and Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, who continued to support Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.

Ali attended the Round Table Conference (The chairman being Sir Agha Khan of the Muslim delegation) to show that only the Muslim League spoke for India's Muslims. In 1921, British Government established the Court in Khaliqdina Hall in Karachi and punished him with two and half years imprisonment in Karachi Central Jail. He died on January 4, 1931 and was buried in Jerusalem according to his own wish. The inscription written on his grave near the Dome of the Rock says: "Here lies al-Sayyid Muhammad Ali al-Hindi."

Jouhar died at a time when the Pakistan & India movement had not been formed, and it is a matter of continuing debate if he would have ever supported the idea.

Legacy

Various places have been named after Jouhar. These include:

• Maulana Muhammad Ali (MMA) Hostel, Mohsinul-ul-Mulk Hall, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
• Muhammad Ali Road in south Mumbai, India
• The Gulistan-e-Jauhar (Urdu: گلستانِ جوهر‎) neighborhood of Karachi, Pakistan
• Mohammad Ali Co-operative Housing Society (M.A.C.H.S.) in Karachi
• Johar Town in Lahore, Pakistan
• Jauharabad, a city in Punjab, Pakistan
• The Jauharabad area in Karachi
• Maualana Muhammad Ali mosque in Singapore^[3]
• Gandhi Muhammad Ali Memorial Inter College, a Senior Secondary School in Bilthera Road town of Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India.
• Mohammad Ali Jauhar University
• TwoCircles.net, a news website, is inspired by a quote of Mohammad Ali Jouhar. TwoCircles.net
• Moulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar Academy of International Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi
• Being Inspired by His Excellent English Journalism, A Separate English library Has Been established in World Renowned Islamic Seminary Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow, India..

548. Manmathanath Choudhury, Sir Maharaja (1286-1345 Beng) , 548 A. Manmathanath Sanyal (1902-1983)

Manmathanath Choudhury was born in Santosh, Mymensingh. He joined in politics under the mentor Rashtraguru Surendranath Banerjee in his early age. When the moderates began to leave Congress he also left and began to work among the people in different social activities.


Manmathanath Sanyal was born in Tangail of Mymensingh. He had undergone prison life for participating in freedom movement. He joined in Anandabazar Patrika in 1934.

546. Manorama Basu (1896-1986), 547. Manmathanath Ghosh (1882-1944)

 Basu, Manorama (1897-1986)  revolutionary and feminist. At the age of 14 she was married to Chintaharan Basu, zamindar of the village of Bakai in Barisal. While living in Barisal, Manorama Basu began taking an active part in the freedom movement and set up a branch of Sarojnalini Mahila Samiti for safeguarding women’s rights. This was the first women’s organisation in Bangladesh. In 1930 she became a Congress worker. She joined the non-cooperation movementand was imprisoned for her political activities in 1932.

In the early 1940s, she joined the Communist Party. She was a leader of the Barisal branch of the Women’s Self-Defense Society. In 1948, in the newly created state of pakistan, she led a movement for supplying food in Barisal and had to suffer imprisonment for a year. She had to suffer imprisonment for another three years under the Public Safety Act until she was released on 25 April 1952.

In 1954 the political instability in East Pakistan forced her to go into underground. When Manorama was able to move around restrictively, she devoted herself to the work of the Matrimandir Asram that she built earlier. She bequeathed all her property to the Matrmandir to help run its activities after her death. She also established a model primary school, Pallikalyan Amrta Pathagar, and a playhouse for children.

Manorama Basu played a prominent role in the popular movements of 1962 and 1964 as well as in the uprising of 1969. She also played a pioneering role in the liberation struggle of Bangladesh. Dedicated to the cause of socialism, she spoke boldly against social and political anomalies. satyen sen is her biographer.  [Sambaru Chandra Mohanta].

Manmathanath Ghosh was born in Jessore. He was influenced by Swadeshi Movement in 1905. He undergo training in Selulloid in Japan for development of industry in his country. After two years he came back to India and founded workshop for manufacturing comb, button, and mat.

544. Manoranjan Sen , 545. Manoranjan Sengupta (1898-1915)

Manoranjan Sen was born in Chittagong. He came off from a poor family. He joined in the revolutionary organisation when he was a student of 1st year in a college. He participated in Chittagong Armoury Raid as also in the fight from Jalalabad Hill. Later when he went to attack the Eurpean colony, his friends died in straight fight and he committed suicide by a bullet and did not surrender himself.


Manoranjan Sengupta was born in Faridpur. He participated in the fight at Buribalam of Baleshwar (9.9.1915) under the leadership of Baghajatin. Later he surrender himself at the instruction of his leader and courted capital Punishment.

542. Nanoranjan Chakraborty (1905-1979), 543. Manoranjan Das (1914-1933)Revolutionary Organisation.

Manoranjan Chakraborty was born in Barisal. From his early days he joined Swadeshi Movement and was arrested. He took Communist ideology in 1930 while he was in Deoli Camp. He joined peasants movement in 1938 after being released from jail.



Manoranjan Das was born in Chittagong and was a member of revolutionary organisation . He joined Chittagong Armoury Raid  in 1930. But he kept himself in a secret place to avoid arrest. But later he died in straight fight with the Police.

540. Manoranjan Guha (1901-1982), 541. Manoranjan Guhathakurata. (1858-1919)

Manoranjan Guha was a Gandhite, a freedom fighter and a journalist. Gandhiji made him in charge of editing "Harijan", Bengali version. He was in jail for 4 years for participating in Non-Cooperation movement. his main work is Life of "Brhmmananda Upadhyay."


Manoranjan Guhathakurata was a revolutionary, a good orator and a Journalist. He was born in Banripara, Barisal. He came to Calcutta in 1905 and joined Prevention of Bengal Partition movement. Lieutenant Governor of Assam and Bengal issued an order prohibiting Slogan, Bandemataram. Manoranjan sent his son to protest against such order on 14.4.1906. He delivered a lecture keeping  his  son, wounded by policce lathi charge, in front of him, which touched everyone's heart. He appealed to all youths for complete independence of his mother land, " we want a warrior class, and not a race of shop keepers in Bengal (27.7.1907). He was the first person who spoke in Bengali in Calcutta Congress.  He handed over a Dinamtie to Barin Ghosh for revolutionary work. Bisedes this he helped a lot of money to the revolutionary organisation. He was confined to Insin Jail for more than 2 years.He edited "Bijoya" magazine. His main work is "Nirbasan Kahini".

538. Monomohan Bhaduri, Dr. (1877-1971), 539. Manoranjan Gupta (1890-1976)

Dr. Monomohan Bhaduri was born in Faridpur. He was an active freedom fighter of India. He became one of the convict of Faridpur Conspiracy Case. Deshbandhu Chitta Ranjan Das stood on his behalf as a defense lawyer. He was exempted from capital punishment but got 10 years RI.



Manoranjan Gupta was born in Barisal While studying in Barisal Brajamohan college he joined the revolutionary secret organisation founded by the founder of Barisal Shankar Math Swami Prajnananda Saraswati. He participated in three dacoity cases of barisal Jellor before 1914.Under his guidance Police Inspector Girin Mukherjee was assassinated in a house of Masjid bari Street of Calcutta on 6.11.1915 and a dacoity took place in a goldsmith shop situated in Corporation street on 2.12.1915.He was arrested under Rule II and was detained in jail as a state prisoner for 4 and 1/2 years.After release he established a library with the assistance of Arun Chandra Guha on Harrison Road, Calcutta, in the name of Prajnananda Saraswati inscribed as " Saraswati Library" in 1920.He wa again arrested with other leaders and released in 1928. When the the proposal of complete Independence was passed in Lahore Congress in 1929 , he and other revolutionaries placing demands of immediate actions to be taken by the Congress.In an assay written by Dr. Bhupendra Kumar Datta in the weekly, Swadhinata, published by Saraswati Press  titled "Danya Chattagram", Government declared closure of the magazine and took Rs. 2000/- as fine. In Dec 1930 he was arrested in absconding state and released in 1938.In that year all the members of Jugantar Dal announced in the papers of dismantling the secret organisation and joined in Congress. He was elected as an MLA from Barisal in 1946. He stayed in East Pakistan after partition. He was an MLA from Eastpakistan for 7 years. He became member of legislative assembly from East Pakistan. He came back to Calcutta in 1954 and became MLC in West Bengal for 15 years.

536. Manoj Mohan Das , 537. Monomhohun Ghose (1844-1896)

Manoj Mohan Das was born in Faridpur.He was arrested in Civil Disobedience movement of 1930. He was murdered in prison in Presidency Jail.

Monomohun Ghose
Born	March 13, 1844 Boiragidi, Munshiganj
Died	October 16, 1896 Krishnanagar
Occupation	Barrister, social reformer
Spouse(s)	Swarn

Monomohun Ghose (Bengali: মনমোহন ঘোষ Mônmohon Ghosh) (also spelt Monomohun Ghosh, Manmohan Ghosh) (March 13, 1844 – October 16, 1896) was the first practicing barrister of Indian origin. He is notable for his contributions towards the fields of women’s education, for arousing the patriotic feeling of his countrymen and for being one of the earliest persons in the country in organised national politics. At the same time his Anglicised habits often made him a target of ridicule in Calcutta.

Formative years

He was the son of Ramlochan Ghose, of Bikrampur (now Munshiganj in Bangladesh). His father was a renowned sub-judge and a patriot, and had acquired his broad frame of mind fromRam Mohan Roy, when he came in contact with him.

As a child Ghose lived with his father in Krishnanagar and passed the Entrance Examination (school leaving or university entrance) in 1859 from Krishnanagar College. In 1858, he was married to Swarnalata, daughter of Shyma Charan Roy of Taki-Sripur in 24 Parganas.

While he was still at school, the indigo movement was raging. He wrote an article against indigo merchants and sent it for publication in the Hindu Patriot but the same could not be published owing to the untimely death of its editor, Harish Chandra Mukherjee. He joined Presidency College in 1861 and while a student there, he developed a friendship with Keshub Chunder Sen. Together they started the Indian Mirror.

In 1862, he and Satyendranath Tagore were the first two Indians to sail to England to prepare for and appear in the Indian Civil Service examinations. The competition was one of the stiffest, if not the stiffest, in the world at that time, but more so because any plan to cross the seas and travel to Europe was bound to meet with the strongest opposition from the Indian society. Preparations for the examination was tough, as they had to pick up many subjects not taught in India. Moreover, Ghose was subject to racial discrimination. The examination schedules and syllabus were altered. He sat for the examinations twice but failed to succeed. Satyendranath Tagore went through and became the first Indian to join the ICS.

While in England, he extended support to the fellow Kolkata poet Michael Madhusudan Dutta who was going through difficult times in England.

Barrister and Anglicised Indian

Monomohun Ghose was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn.^[6] After being called to the English bar, Ghose returned to India in 1866. At that time his father died and he started practising as a barrister in Calcutta High Court in 1867.

He was the first Indian barrister to practice in Calcutta High Court. Gnanendramohan Tagore was the first Indian to have been called to the bar in England in 1862 and Monomohun Ghose was the second Indian to be called in 1866. The third Indian to be called to the bar was W.C. Bonerjee in 1870. Gnanendramohan Tagore never practised in Calcutta High Court before departing permanently for England, and as such Ghose is considered the first practising Indian barrister.

His talents were immediately recognised and within a short period he made his mark as a criminal lawyer. In numerous cases he exposed the character of the British ruling elite and protected the subjects who were not guilty.

On return from England, one of the first things he did was to put his wife in charge of the nuns at Loreto Convent, for her education. It was only after his wife had completed her education that he settled down to family life.

While in England, Ghose yearned for the Bengali staple food, machher jhal and bhat (fish curry and rice), but back home he took on all the characteristics of an Anglicised Indian in defiance of opposition from the family and society. In later years, whenever the local press sought to criticize the denationalised Indian, Ghose invariably became the primary target of ridicule. In spite of the fact that he was close to the Tagore family, who were leaders in upholding Indian culture and heritage while keeping their doors open to the world, and was a personal friend of Satyendranath Tagore, he was inclined towards westernisation. While Satyendranth Tagore’s wife, Gyanadanandini Devi, struck to wearing the traditional Indian sari, Ghose’s wife, Swarnalata, took to wearing the gown, in the style of English women.

Contribution in the field of women’s education

Ghose will long be remembered for his contributions towards the improvement of the position of his countrymen, particularly in the field of women’s education.

He had befriended the Unitarian reformer, Mary Carpenter, during his stay in England, 1862–1866. When she visited Kolkata in 1869 with a definite scheme for promoting women’s education, Ghose was among her most ardent supporters. She succeeded in setting up a normal school for training teachers under the Indian Reform Association led by Keshub Chunder Sen.

During his stay in England he had befriended another Unitarian, Annette Akroyd. On arrival at Kolkata with the objective of promoting women’s education, in October 1872, she was a house guest of Ghose and his wife. While Swarnalata, Ghose’s wife, impressed Annette Akroyd, she was “shocked” when she met Keshub Chunder Sen’s “unemancipated Hindu wife.”

He was associated with Hindu Mahila Vidyalaya and after Annette Akroyd was married, with the revival of the school as Banga Mahila Vidyalaya. Finally, he played a leading role in the amalgamation of Banga Mahila Vidyalaya with Bethune School. By the time Monomohun Ghose died the institution had already turned, under his secretaryship, into a centre of higher studies where girls could read up to the postgraduate level.

Politics

When the Indian Association was established in 1876 he was one of the advisers. Numerous meetings with Surendranath Banerjee, Ananda Mohan Bose and others attending were held in his house. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress established in 1885 and was chairman of the reception committee of its session held at Kolkata in 1890. He fought hard for separation of the judiciary from the administration and wrote the book Administration of Justice in India. He fought the practice of child marriage and supported an 1891 bill requiring consent in marriage.

Right from 1869, he delivered speeches at various places arousing the patriotic feelings of his countrymen. In 1885, he went to England and lectured at various places enlightening people there about the state of affairs in his home country.

Satyendranath Tagore’s house on Park Street (after his retirement) was a meeting place for important people of the age in Kolkata. Ghose joined Taraknath Palit, Satyendra Prasanno Sinha, Umesh Bannerjee, Krishna Govinda Gupta, and Behari Lal Gupta, as a regular visitor.