!66 A. Kshirod Chandra Dev (1893-1937), 167. Khirod Prava Biswas (1888-1996)

Khirod was born in Sylet, A good orator, a Parliamentarian, a congress leader of Surma Valley. He gave up his legal profession and joined Non-Cooperation movement in 1921.He joined Swarajya Dal in 1923 and was elected as a member of Assam Assembly. He conducted the non-violent  movement of one thousand farmers of Manipur. He was released in 1932 after two years of imprisonment for joining in non-cooperation movement.. Then he joined in Congress and became deputy leader of Assam Parliamentary members of Congress. He wrote political essays in Janashakti, Sreebhumi, and Prabasi.

Khirodprava was born in Insin of Burma. Her ancestral home was Chittagang . She was the widow of Mahim Biswas. She was the cousin elder sister of Surya Sen. Masterda, Kalpana Dutta remained underground at her residence.The Military surrounded her house on 16 Feb 1933. A straight fight took place between the military and the revolutionaries. At last Surya Sen and Brajen Sen was arrested.  She had to suffer for years rigorous imprisonment for giving shelter to the fugitive revolutionaries. She was their messenger and she used to keep their weapons.He sons and daughters were also imprisoned for participating in freedom movement. She was a political pension holder but she was not awarded with copper vessel. She passed her life in her old age in a very distress condition in Gangulee bagan, Kolkata.She did not loose her memory even at the age of 108.  

165. Kshirod Kumar Datta (1906-1988), 166. Kshirod Gopal Mukhopadhyay

Kshirodkumar Dutta was a revolutionary, a journalist, and Litterateur . He joined Anushilan Samity in his student life. He was jailed in different jails in connection with the  murder of the Midnapore District magistrate Paddi for eight years and intern for two years. After release he became assistant editor of Anandabazar Patrika remained in that capacity for pretty long years. He wrote some important books such as " Attempt revolution in India from abroad", " History of Anusilan Samity".

Kshirodgopal was born in Calcutta. His elder brother was Jadugopal Mukhopadyay [Jadu Gopal Mukherjee (18 September 1886 - 30 August 1976) was an eminent Bengali Indian revolutionary who, as the successor of Jatindranath Mukherjee or Bagha Jatin, led the Jugantar members to recognise and accept Gandhi’s movement as the culmination of their own aspiration] and Dhanagopal Mukhopadhyay were members of Anusilan Samity. Kshirod became member of Anusilan Samity following his elders. He went to Burma to form secret organisation with a view to free motherland. He made arrangements for those revolutionaries who later reached Burma. He had close connection with the litterateurs Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, a Burma resident. He came back after passing a interim life at Burma.

163. Kshitish Chandra Dasgupta (1889-1979), 164. Kshitih Chandra Roychoudhury (1893-1977)

Kshitish Chandra was born in Kurigram, Rangpur. He was a student of Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy and gathered special knowledge in Chemistry as his student. His elder brother, Satish Chandra ,  was a follower of  Gandhi. He established a " Khadi Pratistan" with the help of his elder brother. He participated in constructive political activities in Bengal. He gifted all his belongings to Khadi Pratistan in his early life of 38 years of age in 1927. He delivered lectures before public with the help of magic lantern which inspired them to patriotism. In 1961 at his age of 72, he at first became the curator of Gandhi Museum at Barrackpore and then became its secretary.His wife Sunitibala was also a freedom fighter and was imprisoned three times.

Kshitish Chandra Roychoudhury was born in Noakhali, at present Bangla Desh. His ancestors held from Faridpur. He was a student of the National School founded in the age of freedom struggle.During WWI, he was entrusted with the duty of  distributing arms to different places collected from German War Ship in Hatiya Dwip as a programme of Noakhali "Yugantar Dal". He remained intern  in a village of Jessore for three years in consequences of a case regarding a dacoity of Sibpur, Nadia. After release he joined in active mass movement of Congress. As a result, he was imprisoned for six months. He worked sincerely for the unity of Hindu and Muslim. He was an undaunted editor of the paper " Desher Bani".
He suffered three months jail for participating in Civil Disobedience in 1930-31. He was confined to Boxer and Deuli jail during 1932-38 after Chittagang Armory Raid. After release he joined Communist Party of India. He engaged himself in the peace foundation of the communal riot of Noakhali anf Calcutta in 1946.
He passed rest of his life in the works of people of Noakhali.He was rescued by the muslim people when he was about to be murdered by the Panjabi Miliaries in 1971 during freedom struggle of Bangla Desh.
In 1977 he was brought to Calcutta for treatment but he died.    

!61. Krishna Pada Ghosh (1914-1987), 162. Kedareshwar Sengupta ( ? - 1961)

Krishnapada Ghosh was born in Khulna. He was a trade union leader. He joined politics since his student life.He joined trade union movement under the flag of Labour Party in 1935-36.He, then, joined in Communist Party of India. He took important role in the trade union movement of workers of Calcutta Port and Dock. He was arrested in when Communist party was declared illegal. After being released he worked for some time in the Party's mouthpiece "Swadhinata" as a journalist. He took the side of CPI(M) in 1964 after its division.He became the labour minister in the cabinet of 2nd UF of WB assembly in 1969. From 1977 to 1984 he became the Minister-in -charge of labour in The Govt of West Bengal. 

Kedareshwar was born in Dhaka. He joined Anushilan Samity of Dhaka under the influence. He was engaged in the revolutionary work in North India under the leadership of The Great Revolutionary Rasbehari Bose for which a warrant was issued for arresting  him. He went underground to avoid arrest but was arrested in Berhampur After release he became in charge of  communication between Bengal and Bombay.For this he was again arrested. He was taken to jail for joining August movement of 1942. In the Kundghat area of Kolkata he founded a shelter for homeless relatives of the political workers of Anushilan Samity. This was one of his important deeds.  

160. Krisknadas (Kristodas Pal),Raibahadur, CII (1838-1884)

Kristo Das Pal কৃষ্ণদাস পাল
Statue of Kristo Das Pal at the crossing of College Street and Mahatma Gandhi Road
Born	1838 Kolkata, Bengal, British India
Died	24 July 1884 (aged 46) Kolkata, Bengal, British India
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Bengali Hindu
Occupation	Journalist
Religion	Hinduism
Parents	Ishwar Chandra Pal

Kristo Das Pal (Bengali: কৃষ্ণদাস পাল) (1838 — 24 July 1884), was an Indian journalist, orator and the editor of Hindoo Patriot. He was born in Kansaripara, Kolkata. In spite of being born of the Teli or oil-men's caste, which ranks low in the Hindu social hierarchy, he rose to be one of the important persons of his age.

Contents

• 1 Early life
• 2 Later life

Early life

Son of Ishwar Chandra Pal,he received an English education at the Oriental Seminary and the Hindu Metropolitan College (now Vidyasagar College), and at an early age devoted himself to journalism. In 1861 he was appointed assistant secretary (and afterwards secretary) to the British Indian Association, a board of Bengal landlords, which numbered among its members some of the most cultured men of the day. At about the same time he became editor of the Hindu Patriot, originally started in 1853 and conducted with ability and zeal by Harish Chandra Mukherjee (Jump to: navigation, search

Harish Chandra Mukherjee হরিশ্চন্দ্র মুখোপাধ্যায়
Born	April, 1824 Kolkata, Bengal, British India
Died	June 16, 1861(1861-06-16) (aged 37) Kolkata, Bengal, British India
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Bengali Hindu
Occupation	Journalist
Religion	Hinduism

Harish Chandra Mukherjee (Bengali: হরিশ্চন্দ্র মুখোপাধ্যায়) (1824 – 1861), was an Indian journalist and patriot, who fought tooth and nail for the indigo cultivators (and against the indigo planters) and forced the government to bring about changes)
 until his death in 1861. This journal having been transferred by a trust deed to some members of the British Indian Association, it henceforth became to some extent an organ of that body. Thus Kristo Das Pal had rare opportunities for proving his abilities and independence during an eventful career of twenty-two years.

Later life

In 1863 he was appointed justice of the peace and municipal commissioner of Calcutta. In 1872 he was made a member of the Bengal legislative council, where his practical good sense and moderation were much appreciated by successive lieutenant governors. His opposition, however, to the Calcutta Municipal Bill of 1876, which first recognized the elective system, was attributed to his prejudice in favour of the classes against the masses. In 1878 he received the decoration of C.I.E. In 1883 he was appointed a member of the viceroys legislative council. In the discussions on, the Rent Bill, which came up for consideration before the council, Kristo Das Pal, as secretary to the British Indian Association, necessarily took the side of the landlords.
He was one of the patrons of Hindu Mela. He became famous by writing on Ilbert Bill, Immigration Bill, Vernacular Press Act, in favour of the workers of Tea garden, and freedom of News Paper.
He died on the 24th of July 1884 from diabetes. Speaking after his death, Lord Ripon said: "By this melancholy event we have lost from among us a colleague of distinguished ability, from whom we had on all occasions received assistance, of which I readily acknowledge the value. . . . Mr. Kristo Das Pal owed the honourable position to which he had attained to his own exertions. His intellectual attainments were of a high order, his rhetorical gifts were acknowledged by all who heard him, and were enhanced when addressing this council by his thorough mastery over the English language." A full length statue of him was unveiled by Lord Elgin at Calcutta in 1894.

159. Krishna Kumar Mitra

 Krishna Kumar Mitra (1852-1936) [ pic-2], Sri Aurobindo’s [ pic-1] maternal uncle, Mesho in Bengali, i.e. mother’s sister’s husband.

He was born in the village of Baghil in the Mymensingh district of Bengal. His father was Guruprasad Mitra.

Krishna Kumar was educated at Mymensingh’s Hardinge Vernacular School and the Zilla School and obtained a bachelor’s degree from the Scottish Church College ( then General Assemblies Institution} , Calcutta in 1876. Subsequently he studied law for a while. He taught at the AM Basu School and College in Calcutta from 1879 to 1908, when he resigned from his post as superintendent and professor of history following the colonial government’s threat to cancel the college’s accreditation if he continued to be associated with the swadeshi movement.

Mitra married Lilabati Devi (1864-1924, aunt ’Na-mesi’), the fourth daughter of Rajnarayan Basu, at Calcutta in April 1881. At their wedding, conducted in accordance with Brahmo rites, Narendranath Dutta sang two songs that were composed by Rabindranath Tagore for the occasion. The Mitras had three children — the son, Sukumar Mitra (1885-1973), and two daughters: Kumudini (1882-1943), Basanti Chakravarty (1884-1965). Kumudini was beautiful and straightforward. She was to become one of the first two women councillors of the Calcutta Corporation. Basanti was a good writer, and edited with distinction for ten years a Bengali magazine for children, Mukul. She, in her article ’Our Auro-dada,’ recalled her childhood’s joy-filled days at Deoghar. Sukumar Mitra was intimately associated with Sri Aurobindo’s revolutionary work. He had been a messenger of the leader from a very young age, and was a repository of the stream of events of the time; he had also close links with several other revolutionary institutions. Sukumar’s eight-part article on Sri Aurobindo, published in the Bengali magazine Basumati (1951).

Krishna Kumar was the editor of Sanjibani since 1883 in the first page of which was written three words Samya, Maitree, pragati, the three motto of French Revolution , and a prominent leader in the anti-partition agitation. he was one of the  pioneers of the movements of workers in Inhdia. He wrote a book  aty book titled " Justice Murdered in India"  Lastly a joint movement succeeded in implementing a " Tea law" in 1893. He became the president of Anti-circular Society.  Besides his journalistic pieces in the Sanjibani, Mitra also authored several books including Mahammad-Charita, Buddhadev-Charita and Bauddhadharmer Sangksipta Bibaran. He also wrote an autobiography, Krishna Kumar Mitrer Atma Charit.

During trial, Krishna Kumar find lawyer, Chittaranjan Das, and begged him to take the defense of Sri Aurobindo up.

Krishna Kumar played a conspicuous role in developing the volunteer movement and was closely connected with the Anusilan Samiti of Calcutta. In December 1908 the Criminal Law Amendment Act allowed a special court of three judges without a jury to accept evidence not valid under ordinary law, and their decision was final. The nine Bengali leaders — among them Krishna Kumar Mitra — were so deported without even knowing the charges against them and were not released until February 1910.

In May 1909, after his release, Sri Aurobindo went to house of Krishna Kumar, 6 College Square, the north Calcutta, where he lived till February 1910. Sri Aurobindo became the head of a household that included his aunt Lilavati, and his cousins Kumudini, Basanti, and Sukumar. The family of Krishna Kumar resides downstairs, while the office of his journal Sanjivani is located upstairs. In two rooms here, Sri Aurobindo does his writing work and speaks to those who come to see him.

Basanti Chakravarty, recounts: “Father was in jail in Agra. Mother, always sickly, became very sick with worry. Their doctor, Dr. Col. U.N. Mukherji, Surendranath’s son-in-law, advised Lilabati to have a daily bath in the Ganges. Somebody always went with her. She seemed to prefer her nephew. Na-masi would come up to Auro-dada when he was writing an article for the Dharma or the Karmayogin and say, «Auro, please come along with me, let’s go for a bath in Ganga.» At once Auro-dada would put down his pen and leaving the writing in the middle, accompany her.”

The house was watched From police report: “Aurobindo spends most of his day in study of religious books and in writing. He is said to be accessible to almost anyone, known or unknown, who goes to call on him. His principal associates, whom he visits and is visited by are Babu Ramananda Chatterji, Gispati Kabyatirtha, Lalit Mohan Das, Prasanna Kumar Bose, Jitendra Nath Banerji, Gyan Chunder Roy; C.R. Das, Barrister-at-law; B.K. Das, Barrister-at-law; B.C. Chatterji, Barrister-at-law; S.N. Halder, Barrister-at-law; and P. Mitter.”

In the beginning of February 1910, the nine deportees were released. On the eleventh, Sri Aurobindo was at the station when his uncle Krishna Kumar Mitra returned from the North.

158. Kripalani, Sucheta

Sucheta Kriplani was a great freedom fighter of India. She was born as Sucheta Mazumdar in the year 1908. She was the first woman to be elected as the Chief Minister of a state in India. In this article, we will present you with the biography of Sucheta Kriplani, an important personality who has made an immense contribution in fighting for the freedom of India.

Early life
Sucheta Kriplani was born to a Bengali family in the Ambala city. Her father S.N. Majumdar was a nationalist of India. Sucheta took education from Indraprastha College and St.Stephen's College in Delhi. After completing her studies, she took the job of a lecturer in the Banaras Hindu University. In the year 1936, she tied her wedding knots with a socialist Acharya Kriplani and joined the Indian National Congress. Read on to know the complete life history of Sucheta Kriplani.

Freedom Movement and Independence
She came into the Indian historical scene during the Quit India Movement. Sucheta worked in close association with Mahatma Gandhi during the time of partition riots. She went along with him to Noakhali in 1946. She was one amongst the handful women who got elected to the Constituent Assembly. She became a part of the subcommittee that was handed over the task of laying down the charter for the constitution of India. On the 15th August, 1947, i.e. the Independence Day, she sang the national song Vande Mataram in the Independence Session of the Constituent Assembly.

Post Independence
During the post Independence period, she was instrumental in politics in U.P. She was elected to the Lok Sabha in the year 1952 and 1957. She also served as the Minister of State for Small Scale Industries. In the year 1962, she was elected to the U.P Assembly. In the year 1963, she became the first woman to hold a prestigious position of the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. During her long tenure of work, one of her biggest achievements has been the effective handling of the 62 day long strike by the state employees. In the year 1971, she took retirement from the politics and went into seclusion. This prominent personality died in the year 1974.

157. Kusum Bagdi, 157 A. Kripalani, Acharya J.B.

Kusum was born in Midnapore. He was arrested in 1932 for joining Civil disobedience movement.  She gave birth to a male child after giving birth to seven female child. She went to Jail keeping her ten months old  child, used to take milk,   She passed her time in crying to feed her child her breast milk. Her jail-mates were becoming impatient and said,  "if you would cry for her child, what's the necessity of her coming to jail." On the next day her husband came to the jail gate with the child. At this the jail authority told,"you can get your child on production of a bond." But Kusum came to her jail-mates without taking her child and said, " I have come to jail following the order of Gandhiji, how can I write a bond."  

Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani (11 November 1888 – 19 March 1982), popularly known as Acharya Kripalani, was an Indian politician, noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947. During the election for the post of the future Prime Minister of India held by the Congress party, he had the second highest number of votes after Sardar Patel. However, on Gandhi's insistence, both Patel and Kripalani backed out to allow Jawahar Lal Nehru to become the first Prime Minister of India.
Kripalani was a Gandhian Socialist, environmentalist, mystic and freedom fighter.

He grew close to Gandhi and became in time one of his most ardent disciples. Kripalani was a familiar figure to generations of dissenters, from the Non-Cooperation Movements of the 1920s through till the Emergency of the 1970s.

Early life

Jivatram (also spelled Jayant) Bhagwandas Kripalani was born in Hyderabad in Sindh in 1888. Following his education at Fergusson College in Pune, he worked as a schoolteacher before joining the freedom movement in the wake of Gandhi's return from South Africa.
Kripalani was involved in the Non-Cooperation Movement of the early 1920s. He worked in Gandhi's ashrams in Gujarat and Maharashtra on tasks of social reform and education, and later left for Bihar and the United Provinces in northern India to teach and organize new ashrams. He courted arrest on numerous occasions during the Civil Disobedience movements and smaller occasions of organizing protests and publishing seditious material against the British raj.

Congress leader

Kripalani joined the All India Congress Committee, and became its General Secretary in 1928-29.
Kripalani was prominently involved over a decade in top Congress party affairs, and in the organization of the Salt Satyagraha and the Quit India Movement. Kripalani served in the interim government of India (1946–1947) and the Constituent Assembly of India.

As Congress President and the election of 1950

In spite of being ideologically at odds with both the right-wing Vallabhbhai Patel and the left-wing Jawaharlal Nehru - he was elected Congress President for the crucial years around Indian independence in 1947. After Gandhi's assassination in January 1948, Nehru rejected his demand that the party's views should be sought in all decisions. Nehru, with the support of Patel, told Kripalani that while the party was entitled to lay down the broad principles and guidelines, it could not be granted a say in the government's day-to-day affairs. This precedent became central to the relationship between government and ruling party in subsequent decades.
Nehru, however, supported Kripalani in the election of the Congress President in 1950. Kripalani, supported by Nehru, was narrowly defeated against Patel's candidate Purushottam Das Tandon. Tandon defeated Kripalani. Bruised by his defeat, and disillusioned by what he viewed as the abandonment of the Gandhian ideal of a countless village republics, Kripalani left the Congress and became one of the founders of the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party. This party subsequently merged with the Socialist Party of India to form the Praja Socialist Party.
For a while it was even believed that Nehru, stung by the defeat, was considering abandoning the Congress as well; his several offer A great many of the more progressive elements of the party left in the months following the election. Congress's subsequent bias to the right was only balanced when Nehru obtained the resignation of Tandon in the run up to the general elections of 1951.

1961 Candidacy

In October 1961, Kripalani contested the Lok Sabha seat of V.K. Krishna Menon, then serving as Minister of Defence, in a race that would come to attract extraordinary amounts of attention. The Sunday Standard observed of it that "no political campaign in India has ever been so bitter or so remarkable for the nuances it produced". Kripalani, who had previously endorsed Menon's foreign policy, devoted himself to attacking his vituperative opponent's personality, but ultimately lost the race, with Menon winning in a landslide.

Socialist Party

Kripalani remained in opposition for the rest of his life and was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1952, 1957, 1963 and 1967 as a member of Praja Socialist Party. His wife since 1938, Sucheta Kripalani, remained in Congress and went from strength to strength in the Congress Party, with several Central ministries; she was also the first female Chief Minister, in Uttar Pradesh.
The Kripalanis were frequently at loggerheads in Parliament.
One matter they agreed on was the undesirability of vast parts of the Hindu Marriage Act, particularly the controversial 'Restitution of Conjugal Rights' clause. By this clause a partner who had survived an unsuccessful filing for divorce could move the courts to return to the status quo ante in terms of conjugal interaction. Kripalani, horrified, made one of his most memorable speeches, saying "this provision is physically undesirable, morally unwanted and aesthetically disgusting."
Kripalani was also concerned with the privilege of parliament over the press. During Nehru's premiership, the Lok Sabha called the Chief Editor of the weekly Blitz, the well-known Russi Karanjia to the bar and admonished him for "denigration and defamation of a Member of Parliament" for calling Kriplani Cripple-loony. This was despite Karanjia's closeness to and Kripalani's estrangement from, Nehru.
Kripalani moved the first-ever No confidence motion on the floor of the Lok Sabha in August 1963, immediately after the disastrous India-China War.

Later life

Kripalani remained a critic of Nehru's policies and administration, while working for social and environmental causes.
While remaining active in electoral politics, Kripalani gradually became more of a spiritual leader of the socialists than anything else; in particular, he was generally considered to be, along with Vinoba Bhave, the leader of the what remained of the Gandhian faction. He was active, along with Bhave, in preservation and conservation activities throughout the 1970s.
In 1972-3, he agitated against the increasingly authoritarian rule of Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India. Kripalani and Jayaprakash Narayan felt that Gandhi's rule had become dictatorial and anti-democratic. Her conviction on charges of using government machinery for her election campaign galvanized her political opposition and public disenchantment against her policies. Along with Narayan and Lohia, Kripalani toured the country urging non-violent protest and civil disobedience. When the Emergency was declared as a result of the vocal dissent he helped stir up, the octogenarian Kripalani was among the first of the Opposition leaders to be arrested on the night of 26 June 1975. He lived long enough to survive the Emergency and see the first non-Congress government since Independence following the Janata Party victory in the 1977 polls.
He died on 19 March 1982, at the age of 94.
In the 1982 film Gandhi by Richard Attenborough, J.B. Kripalani was played by Indian actor Anang Desai.
His autobiography " My Times" was released 22 years after his death by Rupa publishers in 2004.In the book, he accused his fellow members of Congress (except Ram Manohar Lohia, Mahatma Gandhi and Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan)of " moral cowardice" for accepting or submitting to plan to partition India.
A postal Stamp was issued in his in the year 11/11/1989 on his Birth Centenary.

Trivia

Acharya Kripalani was born on the same day as Maulana Azad, who also was prominent freedom fighter. Kripalani succeeded the latter as the President of Indian National Congress at the Meerut session in 1946.